Assessing the activity pattern overlap among leopards (Panthera pardus), potential prey and competitors in a complex landscape in Tanzania,Journal of Zoology

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Assessing the activity pattern overlap among leopards (Panthera pardus), potential prey and competitors in a complex landscape in Tanzania
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12774
R. W. Havmøller _{1,

2,

3} , N. S. Jacobsen _{4,

5} , N. Scharff ₆ , F. Rovero _{7,

8} , F. Zimmermann ₉

Affiliation

Studying activity patterns and temporal overlap among carnivores and their putative prey is difficult because of their secretive and elusive nature. With large carnivores declining worldwide, it is imperative for conservation planning that we understand how large carnivores interact with their prey and competitors. Camera trapping offers a promising avenue to address this issue. We investigated temporal overlap between male and female leopards, their known and putative prey as well as their competitor, the spotted hyenas, in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Data consisted of 4297 independent events from a 30 min interval criterion from 164 camera trap sites we sampled. Leopards were captured by camera traps throughout the day, with male and female leopards showing significantly different activity patterns (P < 0.001) indicating sexual segregation in activity patterns, with male leopards being more nocturnal than female leopards. Leopards had significantly different activity patterns from that of the majority of their prey, with yellow baboons, that displayed peak activity during midday, that had the least overlap. Moreover, both male and female leopards had significantly different activity patterns from that of spotted hyenas (P = <0.001), with female leopards appearing to be inactive during hours with peak hyena activity. We conclude that systematic camera trapping is a useful tool to study activity patterns and temporal niche interactions between sympatric carnivores and, to a lesser extent, their prey.

中文翻译：

评估坦桑尼亚复杂景观中豹（Panthera pardus）、潜在猎物和竞争对手之间的活动模式重叠

研究食肉动物及其假定的猎物之间的活动模式和时间重叠是困难的，因为它们具有神秘性和难以捉摸的性质。随着大型食肉动物在全球范围内减少，我们必须了解大型食肉动物如何与其猎物和竞争对手互动，从而制定保护计划。相机陷印为解决这个问题提供了一个很有前景的途径。我们调查了坦桑尼亚 Udzungwa 山脉中雄性和雌性豹、它们已知和假定的猎物以及它们的竞争对手斑点鬣狗之间的时间重叠。数据由来自我们采样的 164 个相机陷阱站点的 30 分钟间隔标准的 4297 个独立事件组成。豹子全天被相机陷阱捕获，雄性和雌性豹子的活动模式显着不同（P < 0. 001）表明活动模式中的性别隔离，雄性豹子比雌性豹子更喜欢夜间活动。豹子的活动模式与其大多数猎物的活动模式显着不同，黄色狒狒在中午表现出最高活动，重叠最少。此外，雄性和雌性豹子的活动模式与斑点鬣狗的活动模式明显不同（P = <0.001），雌性豹子在鬣狗活动高峰期似乎不活动。我们得出的结论是，系统的相机诱捕是研究同域食肉动物与其猎物（在较小程度上）之间的活动模式和时间生态位相互作用的有用工具。豹子的活动模式与其大多数猎物的活动模式显着不同，黄色狒狒在中午表现出最高活动，重叠最少。此外，雄性和雌性豹子的活动模式与斑点鬣狗的活动模式明显不同（P = <0.001），雌性豹子在鬣狗活动高峰期似乎不活动。我们得出的结论是，系统的相机诱捕是研究同域食肉动物与其猎物（在较小程度上）之间的活动模式和时间生态位相互作用的有用工具。豹子的活动模式与其大多数猎物的活动模式显着不同，黄色狒狒在中午表现出最高活动，重叠最少。此外，雄性和雌性豹子的活动模式与斑点鬣狗的活动模式明显不同（P = <0.001），雌性豹子在鬣狗活动高峰期似乎不活动。我们得出的结论是，系统的相机诱捕是研究同域食肉动物与其猎物（在较小程度上）之间的活动模式和时间生态位相互作用的有用工具。雌性豹子在鬣狗活动高峰期似乎不活动。我们得出的结论是，系统的相机诱捕是研究同域食肉动物与其猎物（在较小程度上）之间的活动模式和时间生态位相互作用的有用工具。雌性豹子在鬣狗活动高峰期似乎不活动。我们得出的结论是，系统的相机诱捕是研究同域食肉动物与其猎物（在较小程度上）之间的活动模式和时间生态位相互作用的有用工具。

更新日期：2020-03-12

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