Three-spined stickleback armour predicted by body size, minimum winter temperature and pH,Journal of Zoology

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Three-spined stickleback armour predicted by body size, minimum winter temperature and pH
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12766
C. Smith _{1,

2,

3} , G. Zięba ₁ , R. Spence _{2,

3} , T. Klepaker ₄ , M. Przybylski ₁

Affiliation

Similar phenotypes evolve under equivalent environmental conditions through parallel evolution. Because they have repeatedly invaded and adapted to new freshwater environments, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) offers a powerful system for understanding the agents of selection in nature that drive parallel evolution. Here we examine the ecological and environmental variables responsible for morphological variation in three-spined stickleback populations across its European range. We collected fish from 85 populations, encompassing much of the European latitudinal range of the species and including lowland rivers and lakes, coastal lagoons, and moorland ponds. We measured biotic and environmental variables at all sites along with morphological traits for 2,358 individuals. Using an information theory approach, we identified body size, minimum average winter temperature and pH as primary predictors of stickleback armour evolution, challenging current hypotheses for stickleback morphological diversification and demonstrating the fundamental role played by body size and scaling in mediating responses to selection. Stickleback lateral plate phenotype represents a potentially powerful tool for monitoring change in climate variables across the northern temperate region.

中文翻译：

根据体型、冬季最低温度和 pH 值预测三刺棘鱼盔甲

相似的表型在等效的环境条件下通过平行进化进化。由于它们反复入侵并适应新的淡水环境，三刺棘鱼 (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 提供了一个强大的系统来理解自然界中驱动平行进化的选择因素。在这里，我们研究了导致整个欧洲范围内三刺棘鱼种群形态变化的生态和环境变量。我们收集了 85 个种群的鱼类，涵盖该物种的大部分欧洲纬度范围，包括低地河流和湖泊、沿海泻湖和沼泽地池塘。我们测量了所有地点的生物和环境变量以及 2,358 个人的形态特征。使用信息论方法，我们将体型、冬季平均最低温度和 pH 值确定为棘鱼盔甲进化的主要预测因素，挑战了当前关于棘鱼形态多样化的假设，并证明了体型和鳞片在介导对选择的反应中所起的基本作用。刺背侧板表型代表了监测整个北温带地区气候变量变化的潜在有力工具。

更新日期：2020-02-20

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