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Bat‐borne viruses in Africa: a critical review
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12769
W Markotter 1 , J Coertse 1 , L De Vries 1 , M Geldenhuys 1 , M Mortlock 1
Affiliation  

Abstract In Africa, bat‐borne zoonoses emerged in the past few decades resulting in large outbreaks or just sporadic spillovers. In addition, hundreds of more viruses are described without any information on zoonotic potential. We discuss important characteristics of bats including bat biology, evolution, distribution and ecology that not only make them unique among most mammals but also contribute to their potential as viral reservoirs. The detection of a virus in bats does not imply that spillover will occur and several biological, ecological and anthropogenic factors play a role in such an event. We summarize and critically analyse the current knowledge on African bats as reservoirs for corona‐, filo‐, paramyxo‐ and lyssaviruses. We highlight that important information on epidemiology, bat biology and ecology is often not available to make informed decisions on zoonotic spillover potential. Even if knowledge gaps exist, it is still important to recognize the role of bats in zoonotic disease outbreaks and implement mitigation strategies to prevent exposure to infectious agents including working safely with bats. Equally important is the crucial role of bats in various ecosystem services. This necessitates a multidisciplinary One Health approach to close knowledge gaps and ensure the development of responsible mitigation strategies to not only minimize risk of infection but also ensure conservation of the species.

中文翻译:


非洲的蝙蝠传播病毒:批判性回顾



摘要 在非洲,过去几十年出现了蝙蝠传播的人畜共患病,导致大规模爆发或零星蔓延。此外,还描述了数百种病毒,但没有任何有关人畜共患潜力的信息。我们讨论了蝙蝠的重要特征,包括蝙蝠生物学、进化、分布和生态学,这些特征不仅使它们在大多数哺乳动物中独一无二,而且也有助于它们作为病毒储存库的潜力。在蝙蝠体内检测到病毒并不意味着会发生溢出,一些生物、生态和人为因素在这种事件中发挥了作用。我们总结并批判性地分析了目前关于非洲蝙蝠作为冠状病毒、丝状病毒、副粘病毒和狂犬病病毒宿主的知识。我们强调,流行病学、蝙蝠生物学和生态学的重要信息通常无法用于就人畜共患病的溢出潜力做出明智的决策。即使存在知识差距,认识到蝙蝠在人畜共患疾病爆发中的作用并实施缓解策略以防止接触传染源(包括安全地与蝙蝠一起工作)仍然很重要。同样重要的是蝙蝠在各种生态系统服务中的关键作用。这就需要采取多学科的“同一个健康”方法来缩小知识差距,并确保制定负责任的缓解策略,不仅最大限度地降低感染风险,而且确保物种的保护。
更新日期:2020-02-18
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