Phenolic compounds in pig diets, originating either from feed ingredients or additives, may occur as glycosides, that is conjugated to sugar moieties. Upon ingestion, their bioavailability and functionality depend on hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond by endogenous or microbial glycosidases. Hence, it is essential to map the glycosidase activities towards phenolic glycosides present along gut. Therefore, the activity of three key glycosidases, that is α‐glucosidase (αGLU), β‐glucosidase (βGLU) and β‐galactosidase (βGAL), was quantified in small intestinal mucosa and digesta of piglets at different gastrointestinal sites (stomach, three parts of small intestine, caecum and colon) and at different ages around weaning (10 days before and 0, 2, 5, 14 and 28 days after weaning). Activity assays were performed with p‐nitrophenyl glycosides at neutral pH. The αGLU activities in mucosa and digesta were low (overall means 1.4 and 60 U respectively) as compared to βGLU (15.2 and 199 U) and βGAL (23.4 and 298 U; p < .001). Moreover, αGLU activity in mucosa was unaffected by age. Conversely, βGLU and βGAL activities dropped significantly after weaning. Minimal levels, ranging between 18% and 54% of the pre‐weaning values, were reached at 5 days post‐weaning. Similarly, in small intestinal digesta, reductions from 60% up to 90% were observed for the three enzyme activities on day five post‐weaning as compared to pre‐weaning levels. In caecal contents, activities were lowest at 14 days post‐weaning, while in stomach and colon no clear weaning‐induced effects were observed. Our data suggest that weaning affects the glycosidase activity in mucosa (mainly endogenous origin) and digesta (primarily bacterial origin) with the most pronounced effects occurring 5 days post‐weaning. Moreover, differences in activities exist between different glycosidases and between gut locations. These insights can facilitate the prediction of the fate of existing and newly synthetized glycosides after oral ingestion in piglets.

中文翻译：

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断奶会影响仔猪肠道中糖苷酶对酚类糖苷的活性。

猪饲料中的酚类化合物可能源于饲料成分或添加剂，可能以糖苷形式存在，与糖部分共轭。摄入后，它们的生物利用度和功能取决于内源或微生物糖苷酶对糖苷键的水解作用。因此，必不可少的是将糖苷酶活性映射到肠道中存在的酚糖苷。因此，在仔猪的小肠粘膜和消化道中，在不同胃肠道的三个部位，分别定量了三种主要的糖苷酶的活性，即α-葡萄糖苷酶（αGLU），β-葡萄糖苷酶（βGLU）和β-半乳糖苷酶（βGAL）（胃，三个小肠，盲肠和结肠的部分）以及断奶前后的不同年龄（断奶前10天以及断奶后0、2、5、14和28天）。用p进行活性测定-硝基苯基糖苷在中性pH下。在粘膜和食糜很低的αGLU活动（整体装置1.4和60单位分别地）相比，βGLU（15.2和199 U）和β-半乳糖苷（23.4和298 U; p <.001）。而且，粘膜中的αGLU活性不受年龄的影响。相反，断奶后βGLU和βGAL活性显着下降。断奶后5天达到最低水平，在断奶前值的18％至54％之间。同样，在小肠消化道中，与断奶前水平相比，断奶后第5天三种酶的活性从60％下降到90％。在断奶后14天，盲肠中的活性最低，而在胃和结肠中，未观察到明显的断奶诱导作用。我们的数据表明，断奶会影响粘膜（主要是内源性起源）和消化酶（主要是细菌性起源）中的糖苷酶活性，最明显的影响发生在断奶后5天。此外，不同糖苷酶之间和肠道位置之间存在活性差异。这些见解可以促进对仔猪口服摄入后现有和新合成的糖苷的命运的预测。