Wheat and its relatives include some allopolyploid species such as Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig (DDMMUU) and Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chenn. (DDMMSS). Here, we successfully produced for the first time three allodecaploid lines with the AABBDDMMUU and AABBDDMMSS genomes through interspecific crosses between a tetraploid wheat cultivar and the two Aegilops species. Spike architecture of the synthetic lines showing a brittle rachis phenotype strongly resembled that of the parental hexaploid Aegilops species, but not that of the parental tetraploid wheat. Phenotypic differences of the spike and spikelet morphology were caused by one of the parental Aegilops species. Glumes of the synthetic decaploids were extremely hard, and all three synthetic lines had a soft texture with a smooth starch surface in endosperm cells. The soft-textured grains of the synthetic decaploids were due to accumulation of the puroindoline proteins derived from the genomes of parental allohexaploid Aegilops species. Therefore, the nascent synthetic decaploid lines highly reflect the phenotypic characteristics of the pollen parents. With further wheat breeding, the synthetic decaploids could have great potential to improve various traits.

小麦及其亲缘种包括一些同种多倍体物种，例如少年伊蚊（Degmus）和杜鹃花（Chuk。）Chenn。（DDMMSS）。在这里，我们成功地制作了第三个时间allodecaploid线，通过四倍体小麦品种和两个间杂种优势的AABBDDMMUU和AABBDDMMSS基因山羊品种。表现出脆性Rachis表型的合成系的穗状结构与亲本六倍体Aegilops物种的穗状结构非常相似，但与亲本四倍体小麦的穗状结构非常相似。穗状和穗状形态的表型差异是由父母亲的Aegilops引起的种类。合成十倍体胶束非常坚硬，并且所有三个合成品系均具有柔软的质地，胚乳细胞中淀粉表面光滑。合成十倍体的质地柔软的晶粒是由于源自亲本异六倍体Aegilops物种基因组的puroindoline蛋白的积累所致。因此，新生的合成十倍体细胞系高度反映了花粉亲本的表型特征。随着小麦的进一步育种，合成十倍体可能具有改善各种性状的巨大潜力。