Purpose

In the present work, a group of nine medicinal plants (Sonchus oleraceus, Echinops spinosissimus, Trichodesma africana, Pergularia tomentosa, Teucrium oliverianum, Blepharis ciliaris, Citrllus colocynthis, Cleome amblyocarpa and Aerva javanica) from eight different families were investigated for their in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major. L. major is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) which is one of the major health problems in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries such as Iraq and Iran. However, the commonly available commercial therapeutics still come with multiple unwanted side effects in addition to parasite resistance, so medicinal plants have attracted attention due to their affordability and beneficial effects.

Methods

The selected plants were collected from Al Qassim region in the middle of Saudi Arabia, and then extracts were prepared with methanol using overnight soaking for the whole plants. RPMI 1640 was used to culture L. major to obtain promastigotes and intramacrophage amastigotes, which were used later for evaluation of extract activity in vitro via spectrophotometric and microscopic techniques. The MTT assay was used for cytotoxic evaluation of plant extracts against macrophage cells. Data were expressed in mean ± SD. Linear regression was used for IC₅₀ and CC₅₀ calculation. T test was used for significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.

Results

All the plants revealed anti-leishmanial activity against the L. major amastigote stage with IC₅₀ values less than 91 µg/mL. The three most potent were T. oliverianum, P. tomentosa and C. amblyocarpa with IC₅₀ values of 7.8, 13.7 and 21.5 µg/mL, respectively. The L. major promastigote stage was more tolerant, so only T. oliverianum extract showed an IC₅₀ less than 30 (26.6 µg/mL). P. tomentosa is the most toxic plant with CC₅₀ 3.1 µg/mL followed by T. africana CC₅₀ 9.5 µg/mL, the other plants possess CC₅₀ over 40 µg/mL. The best SI values were obtained from the C. amblyocarpa and T. oliverianum extracts against the L. major amastigote stages with 5.7 and 5.3, respectively.

Conclusion

We can conclude that T. oliverianum, P. tomentosa and C. amblyocarpa are the best anti-leishmanial plants, so further phytochemical studies for isolation of active ingredients are highly recommended.

中文翻译：

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从沙特阿拉伯Qassim收集的一些药用植物的体外抗Leishmanial评估。

目的

在目前的工作中，研究了来自八个不同家族的九种药用植物（Sonchus oleraceus，Echinops spinosissimus，非洲毛滴虫，Pergularia tomentosa，Teucrium oliverianum，Blepharis ciliaris，Citrllus colocynthis，Cleome amblyocarpa和Aerva javanica）的植物。 -leishmanial活动对Leishmania major的前鞭毛和近鞭毛阶段的影响。L.专业是皮肤利什曼病（CL）的病原体，它是沙特阿拉伯及伊拉克和伊朗等邻国的主要健康问题之一。然而，除了寄生虫抗性外，通常可买到的商业疗法还具有多种不希望的副作用，因此药用植物由于其可负担性和有益作用而引起了人们的关注。

方法

选定的植物从沙特阿拉伯中部的Al Qassim地区收集，然后用甲醇浸渍提取物，整夜浸泡整个植物。RPMI 1640被用来培养L.主要以获得前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体intramacrophage，其中使用后在体外通过分光光度法和显微技术提取物活性的评价。MTT测定法用于植物提取物对巨噬细胞的细胞毒性评估。数据以平均值±SD表示。线性回归用于IC ₅₀和CC _50的计算。Ť用于在显著差异检验P  ≤0.05。

结果

所有的植物均显示出对大假单胞菌阶段的抗利什曼活性，IC ₅₀值小于91 µg / mL。三个最有效的是T. oliverianum，毛白杨和C. amblyocarpa带IC ₅₀为7.8，13.7和21.5微克/毫升，值。的硕大利什曼原虫前鞭毛体阶段是更宽容，所以只T. oliverianum提取物显示出的IC ₅₀小于30（26.6微克/毫升）。毛白杨（P. tomentosa）是毒性最强的植物，CC _50为3.1 µg / mL，其次为非洲锥CC CC ₅₀ 9.5 µg / mL，其他植物均具有CC₅₀超过40 µg / mL。最佳的SI值是从C. amblyocarpa和T. oliverianum提取物中获得的，对L. major amastigote阶段分别为5.7和5.3。

结论

我们可以得出这样的结论T. oliverianum，毛白杨和C. amblyocarpa是最好的抗利什曼病植物，有效成分的分离，以便进一步研究植物化学强烈推荐。