In this study, the effect of green synthesized sulfur nanoparticle (SNP) at different concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) on some physiological, phytochemical and biochemical traits of lettuce plants was investigated. For the first time, SNP were green synthesized using Cinnamomum zeylanicum barks extract. Our results indicated that the treatment of lettuce plants with 1 mg/ml of SNP improved the growth and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce plants than related control. Some other physiological parameters such as proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars levels along with some phytochemical parameters like anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoids and tannin contents were enhanced after treatment of the plants with same concentration of SNP. On the other hand, specific activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and stress markers level, MDA and H₂O₂ were reduced in the same treated lettuce plants. However, a concentration of 10 mg/ml of SNP exhibited toxicity on lettuce plants with inducing oxidative stress markers (H₂O₂ and MDA) and consequently reducing plant growth and biomass. This oxidative stress tend to diminish some physiological, phytochemical and biochemical parameters in treated lettuce plants. Overall, it can be concluded that the green synthesis SNP at an optimal concentration of 1 mg/ml improved physiological parameters in the lettuce plants making them potent to tolerate stressful conditions. However, higher concentration of SNP (10 mg/ml) indicated toxic effects on all of the physiological parameters.

中文翻译：

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肉桂皮绿色合成硫纳米颗粒对莴苣生理生化因子的影响。

在这项研究中，研究了绿色合成硫纳米颗粒（SNP）在不同浓度（0、0.01、0.1、1和10 mg / ml）对生菜植物某些生理，植物化学和生化特性的影响。首次使用玉米肉桂（Cinnamomum zeylanicum）绿色合成SNP树皮提取物。我们的结果表明，与相关对照相比，用1 mg / ml SNP处理生菜植物可以提高生菜植物的生长和光合参数。用相同浓度的SNP处理植物后，其他一些生理参数（例如脯氨酸，甘氨酸甜菜碱和可溶性糖水平）以及一些植物化学参数（如花色素苷，总酚，类黄酮和单宁含量）得到增强。另一方面，在相同处理的莴苣植物中，抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶）的比活性和胁迫标志水平，MDA和H ₂ O ₂降低。然而，浓度为10 mg / ml的SNP对具有诱导性氧化应激标记的生菜植物显示出毒性（H₂ O ₂和MDA），从而减少植物生长和生物量。这种氧化应激趋向于减少处理过的莴苣植物中的某些生理，植物化学和生化参数。总的来说，可以得出结论，在1 mg / ml的最佳浓度下，绿色合成SNP改善了莴苣植物的生理参数，使其能够有效耐受胁迫条件。但是，较高浓度的SNP（10 mg / ml）表明对所有生理参数均具有毒性作用。