In this study, the effect of green synthesized sulfur nanoparticle (SNP) at different concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) on some physiological, phytochemical and biochemical traits of lettuce plants was investigated. For the first time, SNP were green synthesized using Cinnamomum zeylanicum barks extract. Our results indicated that the treatment of lettuce plants with 1 mg/ml of SNP improved the growth and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce plants than related control. Some other physiological parameters such as proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars levels along with some phytochemical parameters like anthocyanin, total phenol, flavonoids and tannin contents were enhanced after treatment of the plants with same concentration of SNP. On the other hand, specific activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and stress markers level, MDA and H₂O₂ were reduced in the same treated lettuce plants. However, a concentration of 10 mg/ml of SNP exhibited toxicity on lettuce plants with inducing oxidative stress markers (H₂O₂ and MDA) and consequently reducing plant growth and biomass. This oxidative stress tend to diminish some physiological, phytochemical and biochemical parameters in treated lettuce plants. Overall, it can be concluded that the green synthesis SNP at an optimal concentration of 1 mg/ml improved physiological parameters in the lettuce plants making them potent to tolerate stressful conditions. However, higher concentration of SNP (10 mg/ml) indicated toxic effects on all of the physiological parameters.

中文翻译：

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锡兰肉桂树皮绿色合成纳米硫粒子对生菜（Lactuca sativa）生理生化因子的影响。


本研究探讨了不同浓度（0、0.01、0.1、1和10 mg/ml）的绿色合成硫纳米颗粒（SNP）对生菜植株某些生理、植化和生化性状的影响。首次使用锡兰肉桂树皮提取物绿色合成SNP。我们的结果表明，用 1 mg/ml SNP 处理生菜植物比相关对照改善了生菜植物的生长和光合参数。用相同浓度的SNP处理植物后，其他一些生理参数如脯氨酸、甘氨酸甜菜碱和可溶性糖水平以及一些植物化学参数如花青素、总酚、黄酮和单宁含量均得到提高。另一方面，在相同处理的生菜植物中，抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶）的比活性和胁迫标记物水平、MDA和H ₂ O ₂降低。然而，浓度为 10 mg/ml 的 SNP 对生菜植物表现出毒性，诱导氧化应激标记（H ₂ O ₂和 MDA），从而降低植物生长和生物量。这种氧化应激往往会降低经过处理的生菜植物的一些生理、植物化学和生化参数。总体而言，可以得出结论，最佳浓度为 1 mg/ml 的绿色合成 SNP 改善了生菜植物的生理参数，使其能够有效耐受应激条件。然而，较高浓度的 SNP (10 mg/ml) 表明对所有生理参数都有毒性作用。