Human pathogens need to overcome an elaborate network of host defense mechanisms in order to establish their infection, colonization, proliferation and eventual dissemination. The interaction of pathogens with different effector molecules of the immune system results in their neutralization and elimination from the host. The complement system is one such integral component of innate immunity that is critically involved in the early recognition and elimination of the pathogen. Hence, under this immune pressure, all virulent pathogens capable of inducing active infections have evolved immune evasive strategies that primarily target the complement system, which plays an essential and central role for host defense. Recent reports on several bacterial pathogens have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying complement evasion, inhibition of opsonic phagocytosis and cell lysis. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the recent findings on the various strategies adopted by pathogenic bacteria to escape complement-mediated clearance.

中文翻译：

---

补充人类致病菌的逃避策略。


人类病原体需要克服复杂的宿主防御机制网络才能进行感染、定植、增殖和最终传播。病原体与免疫系统不同效应分子的相互作用导致它们被中和并从宿主中消除。补体系统是先天免疫的重要组成部分之一，在病原体的早期识别和消除中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，在这种免疫压力下，所有能够诱导主动感染的剧毒病原体都进化出了主要针对补体系统的免疫逃避策略，补体系统在宿主防御中发挥着重要和核心的作用。最近关于几种细菌病原体的报道阐明了补体逃避、调理吞噬作用抑制和细胞裂解的分子机制。本综述旨在全面总结致病菌逃避补体介导的清除所采用的各种策略的最新发现。