The identification of stable and adaptable high yielding cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and highly discriminative environments will be useful for elite cultivar development in South Africa. Two statistical models, the Additive main effects multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype, genotype by environment biplot analysis have been used extensively to identify superior genotypes and ideal testing environments. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify elite cowpea lines and testing environments using the two models to inform future cultivar development strategies. Fifteen cowpea genotypes were evaluated for yield performance and stability across 3 different locations during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in South Africa. Genotype main effects were significant for grain yield, while genotype × environment interaction effect was insignificant for grain yield. However, genotypic perfomance for grain yield was significantly affected by seasonal variability. The AMMI analysis of variance showed that genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interaction were significant for grain yield. The G and GE effects accounted for about 10% of the total variation in grain yield, while the environment accounted for 66%. The high yielding genotypes, Vigna Onb, TVU-5431 and Kisumu mix, were adapted to Mafikeng and Potchefstroom sites. Kisumu mix, followed by Vigna Onb, were the most stable genotypes, while Veg cowpea 1, Veg cowpea dacama cream and Veg cowpea 2 were the least stable genotypes across the three sites and seasons. The analysis also showed that Environment 4 (Potchefstroom) was the most ideal site for cowpea production among the test sites.

中文翻译：

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基因型和基因型×环境交互作用对南非旱地耕作系统豇豆基因型粮食产量性能的影响

鉴定稳定且适应性强的高产豇豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.）和高度歧视性的环境将有助于南非的优良品种开发。两个统计模型，加法主效应乘法相互作用 (AMMI) 和基因型，按环境双标分析的基因型已被广泛用于识别优越的基因型和理想的测试环境。因此，本研究的目的是使用两种模型确定优质豇豆品系和测试环境，为未来的栽培品种开发策略提供信息。在南非 2016 年和 2017 年的生长季节期间，对 15 种豇豆基因型的产量表现和稳定性进行了评估。基因型主效应对粮食产量显着，而基因型×环境交互作用对粮食产量影响不显着。然而，粮食产量的基因型性能受季节性变异的显着影响。AMMI方差分析表明基因型（G）、环境（E）及其相互作用对粮食产量显着。G 和 GE 效应约占粮食产量总变异的 10%，而环境占 66%。高产基因型 Vigna Onb、TVU-5431 和 Kisumu 组合适用于 Mafikeng 和 Potchefstroom 站点。Kisumu mix 和 Vigna Onb 是最稳定的基因型，而 Veg 豇豆 1、Veg 豇豆 dacama cream 和 Veg豇豆 2 是三个地点和季节中最不稳定的基因型。