Conventional American cultivars of coffee are no longer adapted to global warming. Finding highly productive and stable cultivars in different environments without neglecting quality characteristics has become a priority for breeders. In this study, new Arabica F1 hybrids clones were compared to conventional American varieties in seven contrasting environments, for yield, rust incidence and volume of the canopy. The quality was assessed through size, weight of 100 beans, biochemical analysis (24 aroma precursors and 31 volatiles compounds) and sensory analysis. Conventional varieties were the least productive, producing 50% less than the best hybrid. The AMMI model analysis pointed out five hybrids as the most stable and productive. Two F1 hybrids clones, H1-Centroamericano and H16-Mundo Maya, were superior to the most planted American cultivar in Latin and Central America showing a high yield performance and stability performance. H1-Centroamerica and Starmaya contain more d-limonene than Caturra, while Starmaya contain more 3-methylbutanoic acid than the control. Those two latter volatiles compounds are linked with good cup quality in previous studies. In terms of sensory analysis, Starmaya and H1-Centroamericano scored better than control.

中文翻译：

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小粒咖啡产量和质量的 G × E 相互作用：新的 F1 杂交品种优于美国品种

传统的美国咖啡品种不再适应全球变暖。在不同环境中寻找高产且稳定的品种，同时又不忽视品质特性，已成为育种者的首要任务。在这项研究中，新的阿拉比卡 F1 杂种无性系在七个不同的环境中与传统的美国品种进行了比较，包括产量、锈病发生率和树冠体积。通过大小、100 颗咖啡豆的重量、生化分析（24 种香气前体和 31 种挥发性化合物）和感官分析来评估质量。传统品种的产量最低，产量比最好的杂交品种少 50%。AMMI 模型分析指出五种杂交种是最稳定和最高效的。两个 F1 杂交克隆，H1-Centroamericano 和 H16-Mundo Maya，优于拉丁美洲和中美洲种植最多的美国品种，表现出高产性能和稳定性能。H1-Centroamerica 和 Starmaya 比 Caturra 含有更多的 d-柠檬烯，而 Starmaya 比对照含有更多的 3-甲基丁酸。在之前的研究中，后两种挥发性化合物与良好的杯子质量有关。在感官分析方面，Starmaya 和 H1-Centroamericano 得分优于对照。