It is important to confirm the accuracy and reliability of commonly used ionosphere models climatologically. In this contribution, International Global Navigation Satellite System Global Ionospheric Maps (IGSG) and two empirical models, that is, NeQuick2 and IRI‐2016, are assessed in detail by applying different assessment methods, for example, Jason2/3 ionospheric data, difference of Slant Total Electron Content (dSTEC) data derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) phase observation, and single‐frequency precise point positioning. Compared with IGSG, the biases mainly range from −10 to 10 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU), while they are between −5 and 5 TECU on solar low‐level days for empirical models. The hourly mean biases are about −2.7 and −2.5 TECU for IRI‐2016 and NeQuick2 models, respectively. Over the oceanic region, the mean biases for IRI‐2016 and NeQuick2 models relative to Jason2/3‐Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) are smaller than that of IGSG. The Root Mean Square (RMS) values are 4.8 and 6.0 TECU for IGSG and empirical models relative to Jason2‐VTEC while the values are 5.4 and 6.0 TECU with relative to Jason3‐VTEC. Compared with dSTEC values derived from the selected stations, the RMS values are about 1.8 and 2.6 TECU for IGSG and empirical models, respectively. In the positioning domain, the accuracy of single‐frequency precise point positioning corrected by the three models can reach 1 m in three‐dimensional direction. The positioning accuracy is 0.17 m corrected by IGSG and 0.50 m corrected by IRI‐2016 and NeQuick2 in the horizontal direction.

中文翻译：

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2002年至2018年三种电离层模型（IRI‐2016，NeQuick2和IGS‐GIM）的评估和验证

重要的是要从气候学角度确定常用电离层模型的准确性和可靠性。在此贡献中，通过应用不同的评估方法（例如，Jason2 / 3电离层数据，来自全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）相位观测和单频精确点定位的倾斜总电子含量（dSTEC）数据。与IGSG相比，经验模型的偏差主要在-10至10总电子含量单位（TECU）之间，而偏差在-5至5 TECU之间。对于IRI-2016和NeQuick2模型，每小时平均偏差分别约为-2.7和-2.5 TECU。在大洋地区，IRI-2016和NeQuick2模型相对于Jason2 / 3-垂直总电子含量（VTEC）的平均偏差小于IGSG。相对于Jason2-VTEC，IGSG和经验模型的均方根（RMS）值分别为4.8和6.0 TECU，相对于Jason3-VTEC，均方根值分别为5.4和6.0 TECU。与从选定站点得出的dSTEC值相比，对于IGSG和经验模型，RMS值分别约为1.8和2.6 TECU。在定位域中，由三个模型校正的单频精确点定位的精度在三维方向上可以达到1 m。IGSG校正的定位精度为0.17 m，IRI‐2016和NeQuick2校正的水平方向定位精度为0.50 m。