The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this advancement. Viral proteins are often highly glycosylated, especially those targeted by the host immune system. Glycosylation tends to be dynamic over time as viruses propagate in host populations leading to increased number of and/or “movement” of glycosylation sites in response to the immune system and other pressures. This relationship can lead to highly glycosylated, difficult to analyze glycoproteins that challenge the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry. In this review, we briefly discuss five general areas where glycosylation is important in the viral niche and how mass spectrometry has been used to reveal key information regarding structure–function relationships between viral glycoproteins and host cells. We describe the recent past and current glycomics toolbox used in these analyses and give examples of how the requirement to analyze these complex glycoproteins has provided the incentive for some advances seen in glycomics mass spectrometry. A general overview of viral glycomics, special cases, mass spectrometry methods and work‐flows, informatics and complementary chemical techniques currently used are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev

中文翻译：

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病毒的糖组学和糖蛋白质组学：质谱应用和对结构功能关系的见解。


病毒糖组学的进步与质谱糖组学工具箱的进步并行。在某些方面，所研究的糖蛋白为这一进步提供了动力。病毒蛋白通常是高度糖基化的，尤其是那些被宿主免疫系统靶向的蛋白。随着病毒在宿主群体中繁殖，糖基化往往会随着时间的推移而动态变化，导致糖基化位点数量增加和/或糖基化位点“移动”以响应免疫系统和其他压力。这种关系可能导致糖蛋白高度糖基化，难以分析，这对现代质谱分析的能力提出了挑战。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了糖基化在病毒生态位中重要的五个一般领域，以及如何使用质谱法来揭示有关病毒糖蛋白与宿主细胞之间结构-功能关系的关键信息。我们描述了这些分析中最近和当前使用的糖组学工具箱，并举例说明了分析这些复杂糖蛋白的要求如何为糖组学质谱分析中的一些进步提供了动力。讨论了病毒糖组学的总体概述、特殊情况、质谱方法和工作流程、当前使用的信息学和补充化学技术。 © 2020 作者。 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 出版的质谱评论 Mass Spec Rev