ABSTRACT Shelterwood forest regeneration methods are increasingly used in northern Europe to reduce clear-cut based even-aged forest management. However, empirical knowledge about seedling performance under various shelterwood methods is still incomplete. We analysed the effects of three shelterwood methods (uniform (UNI), strip felling (STR) and group selection (GRO)) on four types of Scots pine plant stock type height growth and survival during the first 6 years in hemiboreal Estonia. After 6 years, the height of the planted seedlings was 35% lower in GRO and 47% lower in UNI compared to STR. A similar outcome was observed for the height growth of the sown seedlings. Competition with the nearest shelter trees had a negative effect on seedling height growth. Lower height growth in UNI can be attributed to more intensive root competition with shelter trees. Artificial sowing and natural seeding can provide sufficient regeneration, but height growth was significantly lower compared to that of planted seedlings. Shelterwood methods delay seedling growth compared to clear-cut area reforestation. The lag in regeneration height growth was the smallest in STR and the greatest in UNI. The growth lag can be reduced by using complementary planting to natural regeneration.

中文翻译：

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防护林方法和砧木类型对半北条件下再生林松幼苗早期生长和成活的影响

摘要 Shelterwood 森林更新方法在北欧越来越多地用于减少基于砍伐的偶龄森林管理。然而，关于各种防护林方法下幼苗性能的经验知识仍然不完整。我们分析了三种防护林方法（统一 (UNI)、条带砍伐 (STR) 和群选 (GRO)）对爱沙尼亚半北方地区前 6 年四种类型的苏格兰松植物株高生长和存活率的影响。6 年后，与 STR 相比，种植的幼苗的高度在 GRO 中降低了 35%，在 UNI 中降低了 47%。对于播种的幼苗的高度生长观察到类似的结果。与最近的庇护树的竞争对幼苗高度的生长有负面影响。UNI 中较低的高度增长可归因于与遮蔽树更激烈的根系竞争。人工播种和自然播种可以提供足够的再生，但与种植的幼苗相比，高度增长明显较低。与砍伐地区重新造林相比，庇护所方法延迟了幼苗的生长。再生高度增长的滞后在STR中最小，在UNI中最大。可以通过使用互补种植自然再生来减少生长滞后。