Astraea is a genus of tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae: Crotonoideae) widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Its highest diversity is found in eastern Brazil, and a few weedy species were most likely introduced and naturalized in the Paleotropics. Species of Astraea may be recognized by the usually deeply lobed leaves, lacking basilaminar or acropetiolar nectaries; spiciform inflorescence with bisexual cymules at the base and staminate cymules toward the apex; pistillate flowers with a segmented nectary and multifid styles; staminate flowers with an imbricate calyx, petals bearing dense moniliform trichomes at the basal portion of their margin and 11–15 stamens; and usually tetragonal and verrucose seeds, bearing a caruncle. Based on recent advances in the taxonomic and systematic knowledge of Astraea, we present a taxonomic revision of the genus. Thirteen species are recognized based on morphological characters. We present a full review of morphology and geographical distribution of the genus, along with data on ecology, phytochemistry and medicinal uses, gathered from the literature and fieldwork. Along with an identification key to the species, we provide descriptions, illustrations and photographs, as well as etymology and vernacular names, geographical distribution and ecology, conservation status and comments on taxonomic and nomenclatural matters. Fifteen lectotypes and three neotypes are newly designated here.

中文翻译：

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Astraea（大戟科）的分类学修订

Astraea是广泛分布于新热带地区的巴豆科(Euphorbiaceae: Crotonoideae)的一个属。在巴西东部发现了其最高的多样性，并且一些杂草物种很可能是在古热带地区引入和归化的。Astraea 的种类可以通过通常深裂的叶子来识别，缺乏基底层或顶叶的蜜腺；穗状花序具两性聚伞花序在基部和雄蕊聚伞花序朝先端；雌蕊花具分节的蜜腺和多裂花柱；雄花具覆瓦状花萼，花瓣在其边缘基部有密集念珠状毛状体和11-15个雄蕊；并且通常是四角形和疣状种子，带有一个肉瓤。基于 Astraea 分类学和系统知识的最新进展，我们提出了该属的分类学修订。根据形态特征识别出 13 个物种。我们全面回顾了该属的形态和地理分布，以及从文献和实地调查中收集的生态学、植物化学和药用数据。除了物种的识别钥匙外，我们还提供描述、插图和照片，以及词源和地方名称、地理分布和生态、保护状况以及对分类和命名问题的评论。这里新指定了 15 个 lectotype 和 3 个新类型。从文献和田野调查中收集。除了物种的识别钥匙外，我们还提供描述、插图和照片，以及词源和地方名称、地理分布和生态、保护状况以及对分类和命名问题的评论。这里新指定了 15 个 lectotype 和 3 个新类型。从文献和田野调查中收集。除了物种的识别密钥外，我们还提供描述、插图和照片，以及词源和方言名称、地理分布和生态、保护状况以及对分类和命名问题的评论。这里新指定了 15 个 lectotype 和 3 个新类型。