A single transcription factor is known to coordinate expression of a set of metabolites in a biochemical pathway; its use therefore can be a functional strategy in generating plants with desired traits. Triticum aestivum Dof1 (TaDof1) transcription factor is mainly associated with improved nitrogen assimilation in plants. In the current research, the transgenic wheat overexpressing TaDof1 transcription factor, under a constitutive promoter, was developed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The two elite wheat cultivars (Galaxy and Faisalabad-2008) were selected for transformation study. The T0 plants were subjected to screening using selection medium containing herbicide BASTA. PCR results confirmed that only 8 out of 31 plants possessed the complete TaDof1 cassette. A transformation efficiency of 0.46% for Galaxy and 0.08% for Faisalaad-2008 was obtained. The quantitative RT-PCR was performed on T1 plants grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions. A substantial rise in the expression of citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and pyruvate kinase (PK) genes regulated by TaDof1 was observed after 4 weeks of nitrogen stress in T1 plants. The maximum fold increase of 464 was recorded for ICDH. Our findings indicate a cooperative modification of nitrogen and carbon metabolisms since they are intimately linked together. Overexpression of TaDof1 in wheat resulted in a significant increase in various agronomic traits. Furthermore, various physiological and biochemical markers (chlorophyll, protein, and soluble sugar contents) exhibited a profound change in TaDof1 transgenic plants in comparison with wild type plants. The results clearly depict the merits of employing transcription factors in engineering plant metabolisms.

中文翻译：

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转录因子 TaDof1 在低氮条件下改善小麦中的氮和碳同化

已知单个转录因子可协调生化途径中一组代谢物的表达；因此，它的使用可以成为生成具有所需特性的植物的功能策略。小麦 Dof1 (TaDof1) 转录因子主要与植物中改善的氮同化有关。在目前的研究中，通过农杆菌介导的转化开发了在组成型启动子下过表达 TaDof1 转录因子的转基因小麦。选择了两个优良小麦品种（Galaxy 和 Faisalabad-2008）进行转化研究。使用含有除草剂 BASTA 的选择培养基对 T0 植物进行筛选。PCR 结果证实 31 株植物中只有 8 株具有完整的 TaDof1 盒。Galaxy 和 0 的转换效率为 0.46%。获得了 Faisalaad-2008 的 08%。对在氮限制条件下生长的 T1 植物进行定量 RT-PCR。在 T1 植物中氮胁迫 4 周后，观察到由 TaDof1 调控的柠檬酸合酶 (CS)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (ICDH)、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶 (PEPC) 和丙酮酸激酶 (PK) 基因的表达显着增加。记录到 ICDH 的最大增加倍数为 464。我们的研究结果表明氮和碳代谢的协同修饰，因为它们密切相关。TaDof1 在小麦中的过表达导致各种农艺性状的显着增加。此外，与野生型植物相比，TaDof1 转基因植物的各种生理生化标志物（叶绿素、蛋白质和可溶性糖含量）表现出深刻的变化。