Planted forests contribute to maximizing timber production but their role as valuable habitat for diversity is of increasing concern, particularly in tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) landscapes, which present extremely high diversity and endemism. We compared tree diversity, potential timber productivity and estimated net revenues in planted forests of Pinus patula and mixed TMCF species in southern Mexico. These planted forests were 21 years-old and established under similar environmental conditions in abandoned pastures previously occupied by TMCF. Adult tree height and density were similar between planted forests, but sapling and seedling density were reduced in P. patula in comparison to the mixed forest (0.05 and 0.28 sapling m⁻² and 0.08 and 0.56 seedling m⁻², respectively). The diversity of adults was similar, but that of saplings and seedlings was lower in P. patula than in the mixed forest (saplings: 3.39 and 9.14 effective species; seedlings: 2.85 and 9.59, respectively). Timber volume was similar between planted forests; however, due to higher establishment costs and lower market price, the net present value (NPV) of the mixed forest was considerably lower than that of P. patula. The mixed forest only achieved a positive NPV with subsidies and an interest rate < 5% under a 30% harvesting intensity. To ameliorate biobiodiversity loss, TMCF landscapes require alternative measures; e.g., a supply of a diverse mix of native seedlings, stimulation of the market for native species, compensatory mechanisms for mixed plantations of native species and landscape approaches that combine economically profitable and ecologically desirable species.

人工林有助于最大限度地提高木材产量，但它们作为多样性的宝贵栖息地的作用日益引起人们的关注，特别是在热带山地云雾森林（TMCF）景观中，这种景观具有极高的多样性和特有性。我们比较了墨西哥南部针叶松和混合TMCF物种的人工林中树木的多样性，潜在的木材生产力以及估计的净收入。这些人工林已有21年的历史，并且在类似的环境条件下在以前由TMCF占用的废弃牧场中建立。人工林之间的成年树高和密度相似，但与混合林相比，小叶杨的幼树和幼苗密度降低（0.05幼树和0.28幼树，m ^-2）分别为0.08和0.56幼苗m ^-2）。成年人的多样性是相似的，但树苗和幼苗在低P.孔雀草比混合林（秧苗：3.39和9.14有效物种;苗：2.85和9.59，分别地）。人工林之间的木材量相似。然而，由于较高的建立成本和较低的市场价格，混交林的净现值（NPV）大大低于P. patula。在30％的采伐强度下，混交林仅在补贴下获得正的NPV，且利率<5％。为了减轻生物多样性的丧失，TMCF景观需要采取替代措施；例如，提供各种本地苗木，刺激本地物种的市场，针对本地物种的混合人工林的补偿机制以及将经济上有利可图的物种和生态上有利的物种相结合的景观方法。