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Effect of environmental factors on skin pigmentation and taste in three apple cultivars
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11738-020-03039-7
Chenjuan Jing , Depeng Feng , Zhengyang Zhao , Xiaohong Wu , Xuefeng Chen

To assess the effects of both development and environment on apple fruit quality, skin color and flavor/taste characteristics were compared between shaded (bagged) and sun-exposed (without bagging) apple fruit. Field experiments were conducted during the middle-to-late fruit development, using three cultivars (non-red ‘Golden Delicious’, pale-red ‘Cripps Pink’, and deep-red ‘Qinguan’) at 830.9 m altitude, and two cultivars (‘Qinguan’ and ‘Golden Delicious’) at three different altitudes (519.8, 830.9, and 1072.5 m). The chromaticity values L*, C*, and h° differed between non-red and both red cultivars over time. Sun-exposed fruits contained more chlorophyll and carotenoids than shaded fruits. Trace amounts of anthocyanin accumulated in the skin of sun-exposed ‘Golden Delicious’, while shading prevented anthocyanin accumulation in red cultivars. The sugar contents of all three tested cultivars increased over time, while the organic acid contents decreased. Shading reduced the sugar and organic acid contents but did not affect their variation trends over time. The growing environments affected both the h° values and pigment contents of ‘Qinguan’, and the maximum fructose and sucrose proportions and the minimum glucose proportion were detected at the lowest altitude. Although red peel color, sugars, and organic acid proportion were determined via genetic cues under natural conditions, the growing environment is centrally important for these traits. Both the temperature and light of the planting region influenced each other and impacted the contents of sugars and organic acids in the tested apple fruit.



中文翻译:

环境因素对三种苹果品种皮肤色素沉着和味道的影响

为了评估发育和环境对苹果果实品质的影响,比较了阴影(袋装)和阳光照射(无袋装)苹果果实的皮肤颜色和风味/口味特征。在中晚果实发育过程中,在海拔830.9 m的三个品种(非红色“金色美味”,浅红色“克里普斯粉红色”和深红色“青冠”)和两个品种上进行了田间试验。 (“ Qinguan”和“ Golden Delicious”)在三个不同的高度(519.8、830.9和1072.5 m)。非红色和红色两个品种的色度值L *,C *和h°随时间变化。暴露于阳光下的水果比带阴影的水果含有更多的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。在阳光照射下的“金色美味”皮肤中积累了微量的花色苷,而遮光则阻止了红色品种中的花色苷积累。三个测试品种的糖含量均随时间增加,而有机酸含量下降。遮荫降低了糖和有机酸的含量,但不影响其随时间的变化趋势。生长环境影响“青冠”的h°值和色素含量,并且在最低高度处检测到最大果糖和蔗糖比例以及最小葡萄糖比例。尽管在自然条件下通过遗传线索确定了果皮的红色,糖和有机酸的比例,但生长环境对于这些性状至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。而有机酸含量下降。遮荫降低了糖和有机酸的含量,但不影响其随时间的变化趋势。生长环境影响“青冠”的h°值和色素含量,并且在最低高度处检测到最大果糖和蔗糖比例以及最小葡萄糖比例。尽管通过自然条件下的遗传线索确定了红皮的颜色,糖和有机酸的比例,但生长环境对于这些性状至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。而有机酸含量下降。遮荫降低了糖和有机酸的含量,但不影响其随时间的变化趋势。生长环境影响“青冠”的h°值和色素含量,并且在最低高度处检测到最大果糖和蔗糖比例以及最小葡萄糖比例。尽管通过自然条件下的遗传线索确定了红皮的颜色,糖和有机酸的比例,但生长环境对于这些性状至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。生长环境影响“青冠”的h°值和色素含量,并且在最低高度处检测到最大果糖和蔗糖比例以及最小葡萄糖比例。尽管通过自然条件下的遗传线索确定了红皮的颜色,糖和有机酸的比例,但生长环境对于这些性状至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。生长环境影响“青冠”的h°值和色素含量,并且在最低高度处检测到最大果糖和蔗糖比例以及最小葡萄糖比例。尽管通过自然条件下的遗传线索确定了红皮的颜色,糖和有机酸的比例,但生长环境对于这些性状至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。对于这些特征,不断增长的环境至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。对于这些特征,不断增长的环境至关重要。种植区的温度和光线都会相互影响,并影响被测苹果果实中糖和有机酸的含量。

更新日期:2020-04-07
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