In this research, Pb (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) toxic heavy metal ions adsorption from synthetic aqueous system have been studied using the activated carbon prepared from Citrus limetta leaves. Therefore, the relationship between the adsorption parameters (solution pH, dosage of adsorbent, temperature, initial concentration of the ions, and adsorption time) and the removal percentage of the prepared adsorbent have been investigated. Additionally, the adsorbent was analyzed through BET, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. According to the results, the maximal adsorption efficiencies for heavy metal ions were achieved in pH = 6, the adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, temperature = 25 °C, the ion initial concentration of 5 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min, which were 99.53%, 98.63%, and 97.54% for Pb, Co, and Ni ions, respectively. Based on Kinetic studies, the performance of pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better than pseudo-first-order model for the description of time-dependent behavior of the process. Additionally, the equilibrium data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, while the former performed better than the latter. The maximum adsorption capacity values for Pb, Co, and Ni ions were achieved equal to 69.82, 60.60, 58.139 mg/g, respectively. Considering the thermodynamic data, the studied processes were exothermic and spontaneous.

在这项研究中，研究了使用柑桔制备的活性炭对合成水系统中的Pb（II），Co（II）和Ni（II）有毒重金属离子的吸附。树叶。因此，研究了吸附参数（溶液的pH，吸附剂的用量，温度，离子的初始浓度和吸附时间）与制备的吸附剂的去除率之间的关系。另外，通过BET，SEM，EDX，FTIR和XRD分析对吸附剂进行了分析。根据结果​​，在pH = 6，吸附剂量为1 g / L，温度= 25°C，离子初始浓度为5 mg / L，接触时间为60的条件下，获得了重金属离子的最大吸附效率。分钟，分别为Pb，Co和Ni离子的99.53％，98.63％和97.54％。基于动力学研究，在描述过程的时变行为方面，伪二级动力学模型的性能优于伪一级动力学模型。另外，平衡数据由Langmuir和Freundlich等温线拟合，而前者的表现优于后者。Pb，Co和Ni离子的最大吸附容量值分别等于69.82、60.60、58.139 mg / g。考虑到热力学数据，研究过程是放热的和自发的。