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Set size effects on working memory precision are not due to an averaging of slots.
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 , DOI: 10.3758/s13414-019-01902-5
Michael S Pratte 1
Affiliation  

Visual working memory is often characterized as a discrete system, where an item is either stored in memory or it is lost completely. As this theory predicts, increasing memory load primarily affects the probability that an item is in memory. However, the precision of items successfully stored in memory also decreases with memory load. The prominent explanation for this effect is the “slots-plus-averaging” model, which proposes that an item can be stored in replicate across multiple memory slots. Here, however, precision declined with set size even in iconic memory tasks that did not require working memory storage, ruling out such storage accounts. Moreover, whereas the slots-plus-averaging model predicts that precision effects should plateau at working memory capacity limits, precision continued to decline well beyond these limits in an iconic memory task, where the number of items available at test was far greater than working memory capacity. Precision also declined in tasks that did not require study items to be encoded simultaneously, ruling out perceptual limitations as the cause of set size effects on memory precision. Taken together, these results imply that set size effects on working memory precision do not stem from working memory storage processes, such as an averaging of slots, and are not due to perceptual limitations. This rejection of the prominent slots-plus-averaging model has implications for how contemporary models of discrete capacities theories can be improved, and how they might be rejected.

中文翻译:

集大小对工作内存精度的影响不是由于槽的平均。

视觉工作记忆通常被描述为一个离散系统,其中一个项目要么存储在内存中,要么完全丢失。正如该理论预测的那样,增加内存负载主要影响项目在内存中的概率。但是,成功存储在内存中的项目的精度也会随着内存负载而降低。这种效应的突出解释是“槽加平均”模型,它提出一个项目可以跨多个内存槽复制存储。然而,即使在不需要工作内存存储的标志性内存任务中,精度也会随设置大小而下降,排除了此类存储帐户。此外,虽然槽加平均模型预测精度效应应该在工作记忆容量限制下保持稳定,在一项标志性记忆任务中,精确度继续下降,远远超出这些限制,测试中可用的项目数量远远大于工作记忆容量。在不需要同时对研究项目进行编码的任务中,精度也有所下降,排除了感知限制作为设置大小对记忆精度影响的原因。总之,这些结果意味着集合大小对工作记忆精度的影响并非源于工作记忆存储过程,例如槽的平均,也不是由于感知限制。这种对突出的槽加平均模型的拒绝对如何改进离散容量理论的当代模型以及如何拒绝它们具有影响。在不需要同时对研究项目进行编码的任务中,精度也有所下降,排除了感知限制作为设置大小对记忆精度影响的原因。总之,这些结果意味着集合大小对工作记忆精度的影响并非源于工作记忆存储过程,例如槽的平均,也不是由于感知限制。这种对突出的槽加平均模型的拒绝对如何改进离散容量理论的当代模型以及如何拒绝它们具有影响。在不需要同时对研究项目进行编码的任务中,精度也有所下降,排除了感知限制作为设置大小对记忆精度影响的原因。总之,这些结果意味着集合大小对工作记忆精度的影响并非源于工作记忆存储过程,例如槽的平均,也不是由于感知限制。这种对突出的槽加平均模型的拒绝对如何改进离散容量理论的当代模型以及如何拒绝它们具有影响。这些结果意味着集合大小对工作记忆精度的影响并非源于工作记忆存储过程,例如槽的平均,也不是由于感知限制。这种对突出的槽加平均模型的拒绝对如何改进离散容量理论的当代模型以及如何拒绝它们具有影响。这些结果意味着集合大小对工作记忆精度的影响并非源于工作记忆存储过程,例如槽的平均,也不是由于感知限制。这种对突出的槽加平均模型的拒绝对如何改进离散容量理论的当代模型以及如何拒绝它们具有影响。
更新日期:2020-07-24
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