Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the most destructive grain diseases in rice production worldwide. Hence, to increase the ability of rice resistance to U. virens is a major breeding goal of rice breeders. However, it is difficult to evaluate rice resistance to U. virens. Hence, to clarify the RFS-resistance genetic mechanism is of great significance. In this study, a diversity panel landrace comprising of 315 accessions was identified for resistance against U. virens at reproductive stage in 2017 and 2018. Totally, 58 significant SNPs were distributed on the rice whole genome except chromosome 7, and 3 SNPs associated with three RFS-related traits were identified in 2 years. Haplotype block structure analysis predicted that a total of 15 candidate genes for U. virens resistance were screened based on significant SNPs with minimum P value (− log₁₀P = 13.86). Of which, LOC_Os01g15580, a plant NBS-LRR protein coding gene near the significant SNP chr01_8738751 (12.3 kb), was considered a candidate for key resistance factor in the disease. These findings might provide a new insight into the genetic basis of resistance to rice false smut.

稻瘟病菌（Ustilaginoidea virens）引起的稻曲病（RFS）是全世界稻米生产中最具破坏性的谷物病之一。因此，提高水稻对U. virens的抗性是水稻育种者的主要育种目标。然而，很难评估水稻对维珍尼亚的抗性。因此，阐明抗RFS的遗传机制具有重要意义。在这项研究中，确定了由315个种质组成的多样性小组地方种对U. virens的抗性在2017年和2018年的生殖阶段。除7号染色体外，总共在水稻全基因组中分布了58个重要SNP，并在2年内鉴定出3个与3个RFS相关性状相关的SNP。单倍型块结构分析预测，基于具有最小P值的显着SNP （-log ₁₀ P  = 13.86），总共筛选了15个候选基因，用于抗毒牙.。其中，LOC_Os01g15580是一种植物NBS-LRR蛋白编码基因，位于重要SNP chr01_8738751（12.3 kb）附近，被认为是该疾病关键抗性因子的候选者。这些发现可能为水稻抗黑穗病的遗传基础提供新的见解。