Background

Malathion (organophosphate) and cypermethrin (pyrethroid) are widely in use to facilitate protection of major food crops in agriculture, due to which it is important to understand their toxic potential. Allium cepa L. has been considered as a reliable genetic model to detect the toxicity of all sorts of pollutants.

Objective

The objective of the present work is to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two widely used pesticides (malathion and cypermethrin) using A. cepa assay. Allium root growth inhibition test showed 0.5% concentration as the EC₅₀ value in both the pesticides. In the toxicity experiment, 1/10 × EC₅₀; 1/5 × EC₅₀; EC₅₀; 2 × EC₅₀ and 3 × EC₅₀ concentrations of both the pesticides along with a control were employed in Allium assay.

Results

Cytotoxic study showed mitotic index decreased with increasing the pesticides concentrations and exposure time. A series of mitotoxicity was observed under the influence of malathon and cypermethrin. Most types of chromosome aberrations observed in high percentage were stickiness, disturbance, c-metaphase, chromosome bridges in anaphase, lagging chromosome, and binucleate lesions. It was observed that malathion and cypermethrin are highly genotoxic to the onion, causing aberration at different phases of mitosis which can arrest cellular growth and may lead to senescence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the present results showed that malathion and cypermethrin can get absorbed in the exposed plant parts or other non-target organisms in the vicinity, and may adversely affect their genomes, thus cause significant harm to crop plants and the environment as well.

中文翻译：

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筛选洋葱洋葱中两种农药（马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯）的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。

背景

马拉硫磷（有机磷酸盐）和氯氰菊酯（拟除虫菊酯）被广泛用于促进农业中主要粮食作物的保护，因此重要的是了解它们的潜在毒性。洋葱已经被认为是检测各种污染物毒性的可靠遗传模型。

目的

本工作的目的是使用A. cepa分析法确定两种广泛使用的农药（马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯）的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。葱根生长抑制试验显示两种农药的EC ₅₀值为0.5％浓度。在毒性实验中，为1/10×EC ₅₀。1/5×EC ₅₀ ; EC ₅₀ ; 2×EC ₅₀和3×EC _50个与控制沿着两个农药的浓度中使用韭测定。

结果

细胞毒性研究表明，随着农药浓度和暴露时间的增加，有丝分裂指数降低。在马拉松和氯氰菊酯的影响下观察到一系列的线粒体毒性。以高百分比观察到的大多数类型的染色体畸变是粘性，干扰，c中期，后期的染色体桥，落后的染色体和双核病变。观察到马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯对洋葱具有很高的遗传毒性，在有丝分裂的不同阶段引起畸变，从而可以阻止细胞生长并导致衰老。

结论

总之，目前的结果表明，马拉硫磷和氯氰菊酯可以在附近的裸露植物部分或其他非靶标生物中吸收，并可能对其基因组产生不利影响，从而对农作物和环境造成重大伤害。