A low-level jet (LLJ) event observed during a frontal passage in the 2001 Coupled Boundary Layers and Air–Sea Transfer Experiment in Low Winds campaign was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The sensitivity of the modeled LLJ characteristics, such as formation time, height and the strength of the LLJ core, to the choice of initial and boundary conditions, planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes and vertical resolution was evaluated with a suite of diagnostic tools. The model simulations were compared against available soundings from the campaign observations as well as with surface observations from the Automated Surface Observing Systems. The simulation initialized with ERA-interim reanalysis and using the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino PBL scheme gave the best mix of diagnostic scores for surface temperature and wind speed predictions. The choice of boundary conditions introduced a stronger variability in the LLJ characteristics than the changes in PBL schemes or vertical resolution. The variability emerged primarily due to the timing of the frontal passage in the boundary condition datasets.

中文翻译：

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表征 CBLAST-LOW 2001 活动的低层喷流模拟中的中尺度变化

使用天气研究和预报模型 (WRF) 模拟了在 2001 年低风运动中的耦合边界层和海气传输实验中的锋面通道期间观察到的低空急流 (LLJ) 事件。模拟的 LLJ 特征（例如 LLJ 核心的形成时间、高度和强度）对初始和边界条件、行星边界层 (PBL) 方案和垂直分辨率的选择的敏感性通过一套诊断工具进行评估。模型模拟与来自活动观测的可用探测以及来自自动地面观测系统的地面观测进行了比较。使用 ERA-interim 再分析初始化的模拟和使用 Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino PBL 方案给出了表面温度和风速预测诊断分数的最佳组合。与 PBL 方案或垂直分辨率的变化相比，边界条件的选择在 LLJ 特性中引入了更强的可变性。变异性的出现主要是由于边界条件数据集中正面通道的时间。