This study analyzed the environmental field, physical quantify fields, convection parameters and radar echo characteristics of a severe hailstorm that occurred on June 18, 2013, due to a mesoscale convective system. The analysis was performed using ground meteorological data, sounding data and GFS-ANL (gfs 0.5° × 0.5°) reanalysis data in combination with satellite cloud imagery and Doppler radar observations. The results showed that this rare hailstorm event was generated under the influence of a weakening and eastwardly moving low vortex over Lake Balkhash; and a distinct shear line in the middle and lower troposphere over the western South Xinjiang. Strong vertical wind shears, deep conditionally unstable stratification, ample water vapor in the lower troposphere and suitable wet-bulb zero heights are important contributors to the formation of severe hailstorms. An increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE) and a decrease in the lifting index are strong indicators of a severe hailstorm. For the studied hailstorm event, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the normalized CAPE was close to the timing of the actual hailstorm. The severe hailstorm, consisting of multiple supercells, exhibited notable characteristics of hail clouds and supercells. The formation, disappearance and replacement of strong convection cells occurred while the supercells were sustained. The tracking and forecasting results obtained using the Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis and Nowcasting system are found to be, to a certain extent, able to indicate of the direction of the supercell storms during this severe hailstorm event.

中文翻译：

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一次罕见强冰雹事件的中尺度特征

本研究分析了 2013 年 6 月 18 日发生的一场强冰雹的环境场、物理量化场、对流参数和雷达回波特征，这是由于中尺度对流系统造成的。分析是使用地面气象数据、探测数据和 GFS-ANL（gfs 0.5° × 0.5°）再分析数据，结合卫星云图像和多普勒雷达观测进行的。结果表明，这次罕见的冰雹事件是在巴尔喀什湖上空减弱并向东移动的低涡的影响下产生的；南疆西部对流层中低层有明显的切变线。强烈的垂直风切变，深条件不稳定分层，对流层低层充足的水汽和合适的湿球零高度是形成严重冰雹的重要因素。对流可用势能 (CAPE) 的增加和升力指数的下降是严重冰雹的有力指标。对于所研究的冰雹事件，归一化CAPE最大值对应的时间与实际冰雹发生的时间接近。强冰雹由多个超级单体组成，呈现出明显的冰雹云和超级单体特征。强对流单体的形成、消失和更替发生在超级单体持续存在的同时。发现使用雷暴识别、跟踪、分析和临近预报系统获得的跟踪和预报结果在一定程度上，