There has been widespread adoption of genome wide summary scores (polygenic scores) as tools for studying the importance of genetics and associated life course mechanisms across a range of demographic and socioeconomic outcomes. However, an often unacknowledged issue with these studies is that parental genetics impact both child environments and child genetics, leaving the effects of polygenic scores difficult to interpret. This paper uses multi-generational data containing polygenic scores for parents (n = 7193) and educational outcomes for adopted (n = 855) and biological (n = 20,939) children, many raised in the same families, which allows us to separate the influence of parental polygenic scores on children outcomes between environmental (adopted children) and environmental and genetic (biological children) effects. Our results complement recent work on "genetic nurture" by showing associations of parental polygenic scores with adopted children's schooling, providing additional evidence that polygenic scores combine genetic and environmental influences and that research designs are needed to separate these estimated impacts.

中文翻译：

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分离测量的遗传和环境影响：将父母基因型与收养儿童的结果联系起来的证据。


全基因组总结评分（多基因评分）已被广泛采用作为研究遗传学和相关生命过程机制在一系列人口和社会经济结果中的重要性的工具。然而，这些研究中一个经常未被承认的问题是，父母遗传学影响儿童环境和儿童遗传学，使得多基因评分的影响难以解释。本文使用多代数据，其中包含父母（n = 7193）的多基因分数以及收养（n = 855）和亲生（n = 20,939）儿童的教育成果，其中许多儿童在同一家庭中长大，这使我们能够区分影响父母多基因评分对环境（收养儿童）与环境和遗传（亲生儿童）影响之间儿童结果的影响。我们的结果通过显示父母多基因分数与收养儿童的学校教育之间的关联来补充最近关于“遗传培育”的工作，提供了多基因分数结合了遗传和环境影响的额外证据，并且需要研究设计来区分这些估计的影响。