We report the use of a bone-anchored, self-contained robotic arm with both sensory and motor components over 3 to 7 years in four patients after transhumeral amputation. The implant allowed for bidirectional communication between a prosthetic hand and electrodes implanted in the nerves and muscles of the upper arm and was anchored to the humerus through osseointegration, the process in which bone cells attach to an artificial surface without formation of fibrous tissue. Use of the device did not require formal training and depended on the intuitive intent of the user to activate movement and sensory feedback from the prosthesis. Daily use resulted in increasing sensory acuity and effectiveness in work and other activities of daily life. (Funded by the Promobilia Foundation and others.).

中文翻译：

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独立的神经肌肉骨骼手臂假肢。

我们报告了 4 名经肱骨截肢后的患者在 3 至 7 年内使用了带有感觉和运动部件的骨锚式独立机械臂。该植入物允许假手与植入上臂神经和肌肉的电极之间进行双向通信，并通过骨整合固定在肱骨上，骨整合是骨细胞附着在人造表面上而不形成纤维组织的过程。该设备的使用不需要正式培训，并且取决于用户的直觉意图来激活假肢的运动和感官反馈。日常使用可提高工作和其他日常生活活动的感官敏锐度和效率。（由 Promobilia 基金会和其他人资助。）。