Advanced kirigami/origami provides an automated technique for modulating the mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of existing materials, with remarkable flexibility, diversity, functionality, generality, and reconfigurability. In this paper, we review the latest progress in kirigami/origami on the microscale/nanoscale as a new platform for advanced 3D microfabrication/nanofabrication. Various stimuli of kirigami/origami, including capillary forces, residual stress, mechanical stress, responsive forces, and focussed-ion-beam irradiation-induced stress, are introduced in the microscale/nanoscale region. These stimuli enable direct 2D-to-3D transformations through folding, bending, and twisting of microstructures/nanostructures, with which the occupied spatial volume can vary by several orders of magnitude compared to the 2D precursors. As an instant and direct method, ion-beam irradiation-based tree-type and close-loop nano-kirigami is highlighted in particular. The progress in microscale/nanoscale kirigami/origami for reshaping the emerging 2D materials, as well as the potential for biological, optical and reconfigurable applications, is briefly discussed. With the unprecedented physical characteristics and applicable functionalities generated by kirigami/origami, a wide range of applications in the fields of optics, physics, biology, chemistry and engineering can be envisioned.

中文翻译：

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Kirigami / origami：通过“折叠”展开先进的3D微加工/纳米加工的新机制。

先进的折纸/折纸提供了一种自动技术，用于调制现有材料的机械，电，磁和光学特性，具有显着的灵活性，多样性，功能性，通用性和可重构性。在本文中，我们回顾了在微型/纳米级上的折纸/折纸的最新进展，以此作为先进的3D微制造/纳米制造的新平台。在微尺度/纳米尺度区域中引入了各种折纸/折纸刺激，包括毛细作用力，残余应力，机械应力，响应力以及聚焦离子束辐照引起的应力。这些刺激可以通过折叠，弯曲和扭曲微观结构/纳米结构，实现直接的2D到3D转换，与2D前驱物相比，占据的空间量可以变化几个数量级。作为一种直接的直接方法，特别强调了基于离子束辐照的树型和闭环纳米折纸。简要讨论了用于重塑新兴2D材料的微型/纳米级折纸/折纸的进展以及生物，光学和可重构应用的潜力。kirigami / origami产生了空前的物理特性和可应用的功能，因此可以设想在光学，物理，生物学，化学和工程领域的广泛应用。简要讨论了用于重塑新兴2D材料的微型/纳米级折纸/折纸的进展以及生物，光学和可重构应用的潜力。kirigami / origami产生了空前的物理特性和可应用的功能，因此可以设想在光学，物理，生物学，化学和工程领域的广泛应用。简要讨论了用于重塑新兴2D材料的微型/纳米级折纸/折纸的进展以及生物，光学和可重构应用的潜力。kirigami / origami产生了空前的物理特性和可应用的功能，因此可以设想在光学，物理，生物学，化学和工程领域的广泛应用。