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The Role of Mitochondrial-related Nuclear Genes in Age-related Common Disease
Mitochondrion ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.012
Huanzheng Li 1 , Jesse Slone 2 , Taosheng Huang 2
Affiliation  

Mitochondria are critical organelles that provide energy as ATP to the cell. Besides 37 genes encoded by mitochondrial genome, it has been estimated that over 1500 nuclear genes are required for mitochondrial structure and function. Thus, mutations of many genes in the nuclear genome cause dysfunction of mitochondria that can lead to many severe conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction often results in reduced ATP synthesis, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and other detrimental effects. In addition to rare primary mitochondrial disorders, these mitochondrial-related genes are often associated with many common diseases. For example, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington disease, mitochondrialand energy metabolism abnormalities can greatly affect brain function. Cancer cells are also known to exhibit repressed mitochondrial ATP production in favor of glycolysis, which fuels the aggressive proliferation and metastasis of tumor tissues, leading many to speculate on a possible relationship between compromised mitochondrial function and cancer. The association between mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes is also unsurprising, given the organelle's crucial role in cellular energy utilization. Here, we will discuss the multiple lines of evidence connecting mitochondrial dysfunction associated with mitochondria-related nuclear genes to many of the well-known disease genes that also underlie common disease.

中文翻译:

线粒体相关核基因在年龄相关常见疾病中的作用

线粒体是关键的细胞器,以 ATP 的形式向细胞提供能量。除了由线粒体基因组编码的 37 个基因外,据估计,线粒体结构和功能需要超过 1500 个核基因。因此,核基因组中许多基因的突变会导致线粒体功能障碍,从而导致许多严重的疾病。线粒体功能障碍通常会导致 ATP 合成减少、活性氧 (ROS) 水平升高、线粒体动力学不平衡和其他有害影响。除了罕见的原发性线粒体疾病外,这些线粒体相关基因往往与许多常见疾病有关。例如,在帕金森氏症、阿尔茨海默氏症和亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病中,线粒体和能量代谢异常会极大地影响大脑功能。癌细胞也表现出抑制线粒体 ATP 的产生,有利于糖酵解,这会促进肿瘤组织的侵袭性增殖和转移,导致许多人推测线粒体功能受损与癌症之间可能存在关系。鉴于细胞器在细胞能量利用中的关键作用,线粒体功能障碍与糖尿病之间的关联也不足为奇。在这里,我们将讨论将与线粒体相关核基因相关的线粒体功能障碍与许多众所周知的疾病基因相关的证据,这些基因也是常见疾病的基础。这促进了肿瘤组织的侵袭性增殖和转移,导致许多人推测线粒体功能受损与癌症之间可能存在关系。鉴于细胞器在细胞能量利用中的关键作用,线粒体功能障碍与糖尿病之间的关联也不足为奇。在这里,我们将讨论将与线粒体相关核基因相关的线粒体功能障碍与许多众所周知的疾病基因相关的证据,这些基因也是常见疾病的基础。这促进了肿瘤组织的侵袭性增殖和转移,导致许多人推测线粒体功能受损与癌症之间可能存在关系。鉴于细胞器在细胞能量利用中的关键作用,线粒体功能障碍与糖尿病之间的关联也不足为奇。在这里,我们将讨论将与线粒体相关核基因相关的线粒体功能障碍与许多众所周知的疾病基因相关的证据,这些基因也是常见疾病的基础。s 在细胞能量利用中的关键作用。在这里,我们将讨论将与线粒体相关核基因相关的线粒体功能障碍与许多众所周知的疾病基因相关的证据,这些基因也是常见疾病的基础。s 在细胞能量利用中的关键作用。在这里,我们将讨论将与线粒体相关核基因相关的线粒体功能障碍与许多众所周知的疾病基因相关的证据,这些疾病基因也是常见疾病的基础。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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