Protein phosphorylation, one of the major post-translational modifications, plays a crucial role in cell signaling, DNA replication, gene expression and differentiation; and alters enzyme activity and other biological activities; and regulates cell proliferation and enlargement, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, plant disease resistance, and grain filling and quality during rice seed development. Research work on protein phosphorylation started in the 1950s with the discovery of phosphorylase a and phosphorylase b which are phospho and dephospho forms of the same enzyme. Over the last decade, rice proteomics has accomplished tremendous progress in setting up techniques to proteome nearly all tissues, organs and organelles. The progress made in this field is evident in number of research works. However, research on rice protein phosphorylation is still at its infancy and there are still many unanswered questions. In this review, the general description of protein phosphorylation, including history, structure, frequency of occurrence and function, are discussed. This work also elucidates the different methods for identification, qualification and finally, the progress in rice phosphoproteome research and perspectives.

蛋白磷酸化是主要的翻译后修饰，在细胞信号传导，DNA复制，基因表达和分化中起着至关重要的作用。并改变酶活性和其他生物活性；并在水稻种子发育过程中调节细胞的增殖和扩增，植物激素的生物合成和信号传导，植物抗病性以及籽粒充实和品质。蛋白质磷酸化的研究工作始于1950年代，当时发现了磷酸化酶a和磷酸化酶b它们是同一酶的磷酸和脱磷酸形式。在过去的十年中，水稻蛋白质组学在建立几乎所有组织，器官和细胞器的蛋白质组学技术方面取得了巨大进步。在许多研究工作中，这一领域的进步是显而易见的。但是，关于大米蛋白磷酸化的研究仍处于起步阶段，仍然有许多未解决的问题。在这篇综述中，讨论了蛋白质磷酸化的一般描述，包括历史，结构，出现频率和功能。这项工作还阐明了鉴定，鉴定的不同方法，最后阐明了水稻磷酸化蛋白质组学的研究进展和前景。