Abstract Aulacogen/Rift system deposits and tectonic-magmatic activities can be linked to the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent and have developed in the North China Craton (NCC). The Xiong'er Basin at the southern margin of the NCC consists of late Palaeoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic sedimentary strata and can be divided into three sedimentary sequences. Sedimentary Sequence I (1.83–1.75 Ga) consists of bimodal volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Xiong'er Group with continental-marine facies and alluvial fan deposits of the Bingmagou Formation with local development. It represents the evolution of the intracontinental fault from initiation to decline. Sedimentary Sequence II (1.75–1.6 Ga) developed after the southern margin of the NCC entered a stable continental margin stage, is dominated by clastic rocks interbedded with local carbonate deposits, and fills the interior of the basin. As continuous transgression led to a transition in the sedimentary environment, sedimentary Sequence III (1.6–1.4 Ga) is dominated by carbonate strata that began to develop afterwards. This sequence is the caprock deposit in the Xiong'er Basin. Subsequently, tectonic uplift events occurred at the southern margin of the NCC, along with the start of exposure and denudation, which lasted for hundreds of millions of years. Moreover, abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) with different morphological characteristics developed in clastic strata across different areas of the Xiong'er Basin. These structures effectively indicate sedimentary facies and their evolution, which facilitates the establishment of regional stratigraphic isochronous correlation and connection. For example, based on the time limit for the development of molar-tooth structures (MTS), the Hejiazhai Formation belongs to the Neoproterozoic strata, with a deposition time of 1.0–0.72 Ga. In conclusion, the study of the Precambrian sedimentary succession in the Xiong'er Basin, in response to the supercontinental breakup, can be useful in exploring the coupling mechanisms between various geological events.

中文翻译：

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华北克拉通南缘元古界盆地沉积序列与演化史

摘要 华北克拉通 (NCC) 发育了洋裂/裂谷系统沉积物和构造岩浆活动，与哥伦比亚超大陆的破裂有关。华北克拉通南缘熊耳盆地由晚古元古代—新元古代沉积地层组成，可划分为三个沉积层序。沉积层序Ⅰ（1.83～1.75 Ga）由具有陆海相的熊耳群双峰火山-沉积岩和局部发育的冰麻沟组冲积扇沉积组成。它代表了陆内断层从起始到衰退的演化过程。华北克拉通南缘进入稳定陆缘阶段后发育沉积层序Ⅱ（1.75～1.6 Ga），以碎屑岩为主，夹杂当地碳酸盐岩沉积物，充满盆地内部。由于不断的海侵导致沉积环境的转变，沉积层序III（1.6-1.4 Ga）以随后开始发育的碳酸盐岩地层为主。该层序为熊耳盆地盖层矿床。随后，华北克拉通南缘发生构造抬升事件，并开始暴露剥蚀，持续数亿年。此外，熊耳盆地不同地区的碎屑岩层中发育了丰富的具有不同形态特征的微生物诱导沉积构造（MISS）。这些构造有效地表明了沉积相及其演化，有利于建立区域地层等时对比和联系。例如，根据磨牙构造（MTS）发育时间限制，何家寨组属于新元古代地层，沉积时间为1.0~0.72 Ga。熊耳盆地响应超大陆分裂，有助于探索各种地质事件之间的耦合机制。