Acute and residual mood and cognitive performance of young adults following smoked cannabis.,Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Acute and residual mood and cognitive performance of young adults following smoked cannabis.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172937
Justin Matheson ₁ , Robert E Mann ₂ , Beth Sproule ₃ , Marilyn A Huestis ₄ , Christine M Wickens ₂ , Gina Stoduto ₅ , Tony P George ₆ , Jürgen Rehm ₇ , Bernard Le Foll ₈ , Bruna Brands ₉

Affiliation

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H7, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada.
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T3M7, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada.
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3M2, Canada; Pharmacy Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street, Toronto, Ontario M6J1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada.
Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, Ontario M6J1H4, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T3M7, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, Ontario M6J1H4, Canada; Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H7, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S2S1, Canada; Controlled Substances and Cannabis Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Objectives

To examine acute and residual mood and cognitive performance in young adult regular cannabis users following smoked cannabis.

Methods

Ninety-one healthy young adults completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups study. Participants were randomized to receive active (12.5% THC) or placebo cannabis with a 2:1 allocation ratio, and mood [Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and cognitive performance [Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT-R), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), grooved pegboard (GPB)] were assessed before and 1, 24, and 48 (h) after smoking cannabis ad libitum. High and Low THC groups were based on blood THC concentrations.

Results

One hour after smoking cannabis, compared to Placebo, in both the High and Low THC groups, there were increases in POMS Arousal and Positive Mood, and in the High THC group only, increases in Confusion, Friendliness, and Elation, and a decrease in Fatigue. Increases in Friendliness and Elation in the High THC group remained significant for 24 h. The only significant acute effect of cannabis on cognition was a decrease in the percent of words retained in the HVLT-R in the High THC group compared to Placebo (mean difference = 15.8%, 95% CI = 3.6–28.0%, p = 0.006). Unexpectedly, compared to Placebo, both the High and Low THC groups improved in DSST performance at 48 h (p ≤ 0.016).

Conclusions

Under the present experimental conditions, in young regular cannabis users, smoking cannabis ad libitum had significant effects on mood, some of which persisted 24 h later, yet minimal effects on cognition, and no evidence of residual cognitive impairment.

中文翻译：

吸烟后年轻人的急性和残余情绪以及认知能力。

目标

在抽烟后，检查年轻成年人经常使用大麻的人的急性和残余情绪以及认知能力。

方法

九十一名健康的年轻人完成了这项双盲，安慰剂对照，平行组研究。参与者被随机分配以2：1的分配比例接受活动性大麻（THC 12.5％）或安慰剂大麻，情绪[情绪状态概况（POMS）]和认知表现[霍普金斯言语学习测验–修订（HVLT-R），数字在抽烟前，抽烟后1、24和48（h）分别评估符号替代测试（DSST），连续性能测试（CPT），沟槽式钉板（GPB）。高和低THC组基于血液THC浓度。

结果

与安慰剂相比，在高和低THC组中，吸烟后一小时，POMS唤醒和积极情绪有所增加，仅在高THC组中，混乱，友善和兴奋感增加，而低THC组则增加疲劳。高THC组的友善和兴高保持了24小时。大麻对认知的唯一显着急性影响是，与安慰剂相比，高THC组中HVLT-R中保留的单词百分比降低（平均差异= 15.8％，95％CI = 3.6–28.0％，p = 0.006））。出乎意料的是，与安慰剂相比，无论是高和低THC组DSST性能在48小时（改善的p ≤0.016）。