High-amylose maize starch has great potential for widespread industrial use due to its ability to form strong gels and film and in the food processing field, thus serving as a resistant starch source. However, there is still a substantial shortage of high-amylose maize due to the limitation of natural germplasm resources, although the well-known amylose extender (ae) gene mutants have been found to produce high-amylose maize lines since 1948. In this context, high-amylose maize lines (13 inbreds and 18 hybrids) originating from a natural amylose mutant in our testing field were utilized to study the correlation between amylose content (AC) and phenotypic traits (kernel morphology and endosperm glossiness), grain filling characteristics, gene expression, and amylose inheritance. Our results showed that AC was negatively correlated with total starch content but was not correlated with grain phenotypes, such as kernel fullness, kernel morphology and endosperm glossiness. Maize lines with higher amylose had a greater grain filling rate than that of the control (B73) during the first 20 days after pollination (DAP). Both starch debranching enzyme (DBE) groups and starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) groups showed a greater abundance in the control (B73) than in the high-amylose maize lines. Male parents directly predicted AC of F₁, which was moderately positively correlated with the F₂ generation.

高直链玉米淀粉具有形成强大凝胶和薄膜的能力，并且在食品加工领域具有广阔的工业应用潜力，因此可作为抗性淀粉来源。但是，由于自然种质资源的限制，高直链玉米仍然严重短缺，尽管自1948年以来就发现了众所周知的直链淀粉扩展剂（ae）基因突变体可生产高直链玉米玉米品系。 ，利用我们测试领域的天然直链淀粉突变体衍生的高直链玉米玉米品系（13个近交和18个杂种）来研究直链淀粉含量（AC）与表型性状（籽粒形态和胚乳光泽度），籽粒灌浆特性，基因表达和直链淀粉遗传。我们的研究结果表明，AC与总淀粉含量呈负相关，但与谷物表型（如仁饱满度，仁形态和胚乳光泽度）不相关。在授粉后（DAP）的前20天内，直链淀粉含量较高的玉米品系的籽粒灌浆速率高于对照（B73）。淀粉脱支酶（DBE）基团和淀粉支化酶IIb（SBEIIb）基团在对照（B73）中的丰度均高于高直链玉米玉米品系。男性父母直接预测F的AC 淀粉脱支酶（DBE）基团和淀粉支化酶IIb（SBEIIb）基团在对照（B73）中的丰度均高于高直链玉米玉米品系。男性父母直接预测F的AC 淀粉脱支酶（DBE）基团和淀粉支化酶IIb（SBEIIb）基团在对照（B73）中的丰度均高于高直链玉米玉米品系。男性父母直接预测F的AC₁与F ₂世代呈正相关。