Abstract Federally listed endangered plant species have restrictions regulating their extraction and transit in Brazil. However, dozens of endangered species are important for the national timber trade. The present research addresses the question: What endangered tree species were legally traded as timber in Brazil between 2012–2016 and how significant is this trade with respect to the total volume of timber? To answer this question, we surveyed wood taxa and wood volume transported during this period as recorded by the National System for the Environment (SISNAMA). Under Brazil’s federal environmental law (L12651 Art. 35) Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) is responsible for the registration of all commercial forest products. The law stipulates that products receive a Document of Forest Origin (DOF) indicating species, quantity, commercial use, origin, and destination. We correlated this data with the federal list of endangered plant species in Brazil to aggregate the number of endangered species transported from 2012 to 2016 and the total volume associated with each species. Among the 2214 species traded, we found 38 endangered species, comprising a volume of 6 million m3, representing approximately ten percent of the total traffic of 60.9 million m3. The endangered species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze and Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. Ex Mez were among the twenty species with greatest volume transported and traded, respectively 3.2 million m3 and 789,522 m3. The presence of these endangered species at the top of the list of woods transported within the national territory raises serious questions for conservation policy and practices in Brazil. Monitoring changes in deforestation rates inadequately assesses the impacts of timber harvesting on endangered native tree species. The information provided by this study should be of interest to national and international environmental agencies, international trade control agencies, conservation biologists, researchers and policymakers working to produce more effective control of harvest and trade of endangered species.

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濒危物种占巴西有记录的木材贸易的 10%

摘要 联邦列出的濒危植物物种在巴西的提取和运输受到限制。然而，数十种濒危物种对国家木材贸易很重要。本研究解决了以下问题：2012 年至 2016 年期间，巴西哪些濒危树种作为木材合法交易，这种交易在木材总量中的重要性如何？为了回答这个问题，我们调查了国家环境系统 (SISNAMA) 在此期间记录的木材分类群和木材运输量。根据巴西联邦环境法（L12651 第 35 条），巴西环境与可再生自然资源研究所 (IBAMA) 负责所有商业林产品的注册。该法律规定，产品会收到一份森林原产地文件 (DOF)，说明物种、数量、商业用途、原产地和目的地。我们将此数据与巴西联邦濒危植物物种名录相关联，以汇总 2012 年至 2016 年运输的濒危物种数量以及与每个物种相关的总数量。在交易的 2214 个物种中，我们发现了 38 个濒危物种，交易量 600 万立方米，约占总交易量 6090 万立方米的 10%。濒危物种 Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze 和 Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub。Ex Mez 是运输和交易量最大的 20 个物种之一，分别为 320 万立方米和 789,522 立方米。这些濒临灭绝的物种在国家领土内运输的木材清单中名列前茅，这对巴西的保护政策和做法提出了严重的问题。监测森林砍伐率的变化未能充分评估木材采伐对濒临灭绝的本地树种的影响。这项研究提供的信息应该引起国家和国际环境机构、国际贸易控制机构、保护生物学家、研究人员和决策者的兴趣，这些机构致力于对濒危物种的捕捞和贸易进行更有效的控制。