Neuropeptides are ancient endocrine components which have evolved to regulate many aspects of biology across the animal kingdom including behaviour, development and metabolism. To supplement current knowledge, we have utilized a transcriptome series describing larval development in the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. The biology of this animal has been leveraged to provide insights into the roles of molting, metamorphosis and metabolism across the neuropeptide family. We report an extensive list of neuropeptides across three distinct life phases of the animal. We show distinct groups of neuropeptides with differential expression between larval phases, indicating phase-specific roles for these peptides. For selected neuropeptides, we describe and discuss expression profiles throughout larval development and report predicted peptide cleavage sites and mature peptide sequences. We also report the neuropeptide nesfatin for the first time in a crustacean, and report secondary peptide products with a level of evolutionary conservation similar to the conventional mature peptide nesfatin-1, indicating a conserved role in these secondary products which are widely regarded as biologically inactive. In addition, we report a trend of downregulation in the neuropeptides as the animal undergoes extensive neural remodelling in fulfillment of metamorphosis. We suggest that this downregulation in neuropeptides relates to the brief, yet dramatic changes in morphology experienced by the central nervous system in the process of metamorphosis.

中文翻译：

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刺龙虾幼虫的神经重塑的特征是广泛的神经肽抑制。

神经肽是古老的内分泌成分，已经进化为调节整个动物界生物学的许多方面，包括行为，发育和新陈代谢。为了补充当前的知识，我们利用了转录组序列来描述华丽的多刺龙虾Panulirus ornatus中的幼虫发育。该动物的生物学特性已被用来深入了解整个神经肽家族的蜕皮，变态和代谢的作用。我们报告了动物三个不同生命阶段的神经肽的广泛清单。我们显示了幼虫阶段之间差异表达的神经肽的不同组，表明这些肽的阶段特异性作用。对于选定的神经肽，我们描述和讨论整个幼虫发育过程中的表达谱，并报告预测的肽裂解位点和成熟的肽序列。我们还首次在甲壳动物中报告了神经肽内斯法汀，并报告了具有与传统成熟肽内斯法汀-1相似的进化保守水平的二级肽产物，表明这些二级产物中的保守作用被广泛认为是生物学上无活性的。此外，我们报告了神经肽下调的趋势，因为动物经历了广泛的神经重塑以实现变态。我们建议神经肽的这种下调与中枢神经系统在变态过程中所经历的形态的短暂而剧烈的变化有关。我们还首次在甲壳动物中报道了神经肽内斯法汀，并报道了具有与传统成熟肽内斯法汀-1相似的进化保守水平的二级肽产物，表明这些二级产物中的保守作用被广泛认为是生物学上无活性的。此外，我们报告了神经肽下调的趋势，因为动物经历了广泛的神经重塑以实现变态。我们建议神经肽的这种下调与中枢神经系统在变态过程中所经历的形态的短暂而剧烈的变化有关。我们还首次在甲壳动物中报告了神经肽内斯法汀，并报告了具有与传统成熟肽内斯法汀-1相似的进化保守水平的二级肽产物，表明这些二级产物中的保守作用被广泛认为是生物学上无活性的。此外，我们报告了神经肽下调的趋势，因为动物经历了广泛的神经重塑以实现变态。我们建议神经肽的这种下调与中枢神经系统在变态过程中所经历的形态的短暂而剧烈的变化有关。这表明在这些被普遍认为是无生物活性的次级产品中的保守作用。此外，我们报告了神经肽下调的趋势，因为动物经历了广泛的神经重塑以实现变态。我们建议神经肽的这种下调与中枢神经系统在变态过程中经历的形态的短暂而剧烈的变化有关。这表明在这些被普遍认为具有生物惰性的次级产品中的保守作用。此外，我们报告了神经肽下调的趋势，因为动物经历了广泛的神经重塑以实现变态。我们建议神经肽的这种下调与中枢神经系统在变态过程中经历的形态的短暂而剧烈的变化有关。