With a set of haemocyte specific markers novel findings on haematopoiesis in the Manduca sexta embryo are presented. We identify a hitherto unknown paired haematopoietic cluster, the abdominal haemocyte cluster in abdominal segment 7 (A7-HCC). These clusters are localised at distinct positions and are established at around katatrepsis. Later in embryogenesis, the A7-HCCs disintegrate, thereby releasing numerous embryonic plasmatocytes which disperse both anteriorly and posteriorly. These cells follow stereotypic migration routes projecting anteriorly. The thoracic larval haematopoietic organs are established at around midembryogenesis. We identify embryonic oenocytoids in the M. sexta embryo for the first time. They appear in the head region roughly at the same time as the A7-HCCs occur and successively disperse in the body cavity during development. Localisation of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) mRNA and of the proPO protein are identical. Morphological, cytometric and antigenic traits show three independently generated haemocyte types during embryogenesis.

中文翻译：

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Manduca sexta 胚胎（昆虫纲，鳞翅目）中不同血细胞类型的造血和外观和分散的新位点。

通过一组血细胞特异性标记物，介绍了 Manduca sexta 胚胎中造血功能的新发现。我们确定了迄今为止未知的成对造血细胞簇，即腹部第 7 节 (A7-HCC) 中的腹部血细胞簇。这些集群位于不同的位置，并建立在 katatrepsis 周围。在胚胎发生的后期，A7-HCC 解体，从而释放出大量向前和向后分散的胚胎浆细胞。这些细胞遵循向前突出的刻板迁移路线。胸部幼虫造血器官在胚胎发生中期左右建立。我们首次在 M. sexta 胚胎中鉴定出胚胎类胞菌。它们与 A7-HCC 发生大致同时出现在头部区域，并在发育过程中相继分散在体腔中。酚氧化酶原 (proPO) mRNA 和 proPO 蛋白的定位是相同的。形态学、细胞计数和抗原性状显示在胚胎发生过程中三种独立生成的血细胞类型。