Abstract Many emerging technologies and alternative farm management practices have the potential to improve the sustainability of pig production systems. The implementation of such practices is not always economically viable. The goal of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of such environmental mitigation strategies in pig systems, using an Environmental Abatement Cost analysis. We considered four pig housing (improved insulation, increased ventilation efficiency, frequent slurry removal, increased slurry dilution) and three manure management related abatement strategies (anaerobic digestion, slurry acidification, slurry separation), implemented as stand-alone and as a set of “pig housing–pig housing” and “pig housing–manure management” combinations. We calculated their annual equivalent value through a discounted cash flow analysis and then their annualised abatement potential through a cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment. The baseline system against which the analysis was conducted was a typical Danish pig production system, over a 25-year time horizon. The environmental impact categories considered were Non-Renewable Resource Use (NRRU), Non-Renewable Energy Use (NREU), Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP). Pig housing–anaerobic digestion combinations were the most cost-effective options for GWP, NRRU and NREU. Their abatement costs ranged from −€0.237 to €0.70 per tonne CO2 eq., −€0.146 to €0.36 per g Sb eq. and -€1.75−04 to €3.11−04 per GJ abated respectively. Anaerobic digestion was the most cost-effective stand-alone investment for GWP (−€0.206 per tonne CO2 eq.), NRRU (−€0.0493 per g Sb eq.) and NREU (−€1.00−04 per GJ), and slurry acidification for AP (€303 per tonne SO2− eq.) and EP (€1190 per tonne PO43− eq.) mitigation. Overall, measures for mitigation of GWP, NRRU and NREU required higher investments than for AP and EP, but also generated profit. The framework developed in this study can potentially aid decision making in the choice of environmentally and economically sustainable pig system modifications.

中文翻译：

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欧洲养猪生产系统中环境影响减少措施的成本效益

摘要 许多新兴技术和替代农场管理实践有可能提高养猪生产系统的可持续性。这种做法的实施在经济上并不总是可行的。本研究的目的是使用环境减排成本分析来评估养猪系统中此类环境缓解策略的成本效益。我们考虑了四个猪舍（改进绝缘、提高通风效率、频繁去除泥浆、增加泥浆稀释）和三种与粪便管理相关的减排策略（厌氧消化、泥浆酸化、泥浆分离），作为独立的一组“猪舍-猪舍”和“猪舍-粪便管理”组合。我们通过贴现现金流分析计算了它们的年度等值价值，然后通过从摇篮到农场的生命周期评估计算了它们的年度减排潜力。进行分析的基准系统是典型的丹麦养猪生产系统，时间跨度超过 25 年。考虑的环境影响类别是不可再生资源使用 (NRRU)、不可再生能源使用 (NREU)、全球变暖潜能值 (GWP)、酸化潜能 (AP) 和富营养化潜能 (EP)。猪舍-厌氧消化组合是 GWP、NRRU 和 NREU 最具成本效益的选择。他们的减排成本从每吨二氧化碳当量 -0.237 欧元到 0.70 欧元不等，每克锑当量 -0.146 欧元到 0.36 欧元不等。和 -€1.75−04 至 €3.11−04 每 GJ 分别减少。厌氧消化是 GWP（-€0.206 每吨 CO2 当量）、NRRU（-€0.0493 每 g Sb eq.）和 NREU（-€1.00-04 每 GJ）和泥浆的最具成本效益的独立投资AP（每吨 SO2− eq. 303 欧元）和 EP（每吨 PO43− eq. 1190 欧元）缓解的酸化。总体而言，缓解 GWP、NRRU 和 NREU 的措施需要比 AP 和 EP 更高的投资，但也产生了利润。本研究中开发的框架可能有助于在选择环境和经济上可持续的养猪系统改造方面做出决策。与 AP 和 EP 相比，NRRU 和 NREU 需要更高的投资，但也产生了利润。本研究中开发的框架可能有助于在选择环境和经济上可持续的养猪系统改造方面做出决策。与 AP 和 EP 相比，NRRU 和 NREU 需要更高的投资，但也产生了利润。本研究中开发的框架可能有助于在选择环境和经济上可持续的养猪系统改造方面做出决策。