Abstract The section Lupinaster of the genus Trifolium (Fabaceae) is characterized by taxonomic complexity due to the high level of polymorphism and polyploidy. Variants of T. baicalense, T. ciswolgense, T. pacificum, and T. spryginii are analyzed using morphological and molecular data to determine their taxonomic status. These species, which grow in Eastern Europe, Ural, Central and East Asia, and the Russian Far East, have been previously separated from T. lupinaster. ITS and trnL-trnF sequences show limited variation. All the investigated species of the T. lupinaster complex have identical ITS sequences, but slight differences due to single substitutions in the trnL-trnF region. The morphological variation of the leaflets and underground organs were characterized. According to these results, T. baicalense, T. ciswolgense, and T. spryginii, should be regarded as synonyms of T. lupinaster, whereas the Far Eastern T. lupinaster subsp. pacificum, distributed along the Pacific seashore of Eurasia (Russia and Japan), is considered as a subspecies of T. lupinaster. In order to discriminate T. lupinaster subsp. pacificum from T. lupinaster, we propose to use a coefficient which characterizes the obovateness of leaflet shape. Our clarification of the taxonomic status of narrow endemics and rare species from the genus Trifolium section Lupinaster has important implications for conservation purposes.

中文翻译：

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东欧和亚洲羽扇豆多态复合体的多样性和分类学

摘要 三叶草属（豆科）羽扇豆科具有高度的多态性和多倍性，分类复杂。使用形态学和分子数据分析 T. baicalense、T. ciswolgense、T. pacificum 和 T. spryginii 的变体，以确定它们的分类地位。这些生长在东欧、乌拉尔、中亚和东亚以及俄罗斯远东地区的物种以前曾与羽扇豆分离。ITS 和 trnL-trnF 序列显示出有限的变化。羽扇豆复合体的所有研究物种都具有相同的 ITS 序列，但由于 trnL-trnF 区域中的单个替换而略有不同。表征了小叶和地下器官的形态变化。根据这些结果，T. baicalense、T. ciswolgense 和 T. spryginii，应该被视为 T. lupinaster 的同义词，而远东 T. lupinaster subsp。pacificum 分布于欧亚大陆（俄罗斯和日本）的太平洋沿岸，被认为是羽扇豆的一个亚种。为了区分 T. lupinaster subsp。pacificum 来自 T. lupinaster，我们建议使用一个系数来表征小叶形状的倒卵形。我们对来自三叶属部分羽扇豆属的狭窄特有种和稀有物种的分类地位的澄清对保护目的具有重要意义。我们建议使用表征小叶形状的倒卵形的系数。我们对来自三叶属部分羽扇豆属的狭窄特有种和稀有物种的分类地位的澄清对保护目的具有重要意义。我们建议使用表征小叶形状的倒卵形的系数。我们对来自三叶属部分羽扇豆属的狭窄特有种和稀有物种的分类地位的澄清对保护目的具有重要意义。