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A temporal model of territorial defence with antagonistic interactions.
Theoretical Population Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2020.03.005
Tamás Varga 1 , József Garay 2 , Jan Rychtář 3 , Mark Broom 4
Affiliation  

Territorial behaviour is an important part of the lives of many animals. Once a territory has been acquired, an animal may spend its entire life on it, and may have to repeatedly defend it from conspecifics. Some species make great investments in the defence of a territory, and this defence can be costly, in terms of time, energy and risk of injury. Time costs in particular have rarely been explicitly factored into such models. In this paper we consider a model of territorial defence which includes both population dynamic and time delay elements, building upon recent advances in time constraint models. Populations may divide into two distinct types, where one type makes no effort to control territories. We shall call this type nomads, and the other type territorials. Here the territory owners must divide their time between patrolling and foraging, and this balance is their only strategic decision. We show how to find the evolutionarily stable patrolling strategy and the population composition of territorials and nomads, and consider some examples demonstrating key situations. We see that both time constraints and population density pressure are crucial to influencing behaviour. In particular we find cases with both territorial individuals and nomads where a mixed, either pure or both pure patrolling strategies are evolutionarily stable. In different conditions either nomads or territorials can be absent, and indeed for a significant range of parameter combinations the population can exhibit tristability, with three distinct ecologically stable population compositions: with both nomads and territorials, only nomads or only territorials.

中文翻译:

具有对抗性互动的领土防御的时间模型。

领土行为是许多动物生命的重要组成部分。一旦获得领土,动物可能会在其上度过一生,并可能不得不反复防御物种。一些物种在防卫领土上投入了大量资金,而这种防御可能会耗费大量时间,精力和受伤风险。特别是时间成本很少被明确地纳入此类模型。在本文中,我们考虑了基于时间限制模型的最新进展的领土防御模型,其中包括人口动态和时延元素。人口可以分为两种不同的类型,其中一种不费力气来控制领土。我们将这种类型的游牧民称为“其他游牧民族”。在这里,地主必须在巡逻和觅食之间分配时间,这种平衡是他们唯一的战略决策。我们展示了如何找到进化稳定的巡逻策略以及领地和游牧民族的人口构成,并考虑了一些展示关键情况的示例。我们看到时间限制和人口密度压力对于影响行为都是至关重要的。尤其是,我们发现在具有地区性个体和游牧民族的情况下,混合的,纯的或两种纯巡逻策略在进化上都是稳定的。在不同条件下,可能没有游牧民或领地,并且实际上对于大量参数组合,该种群可能表现出三态稳定性,具有三个独特的生态稳定种群组成:既有游牧民又有领土,只有游牧民或只有疆域。我们展示了如何找到进化稳定的巡逻策略以及领地和游牧民族的人口构成,并考虑了一些展示关键情况的示例。我们看到时间限制和人口密度压力对于影响行为都是至关重要的。尤其是,我们发现在具有地区性个体和游牧民族的情况下,混合的,纯的或两种纯巡逻策略在进化上都是稳定的。在不同条件下,可能没有游牧民或领地,并且实际上对于大量参数组合,该种群可能表现出三态稳定性,具有三个独特的生态稳定种群组成:既有游牧民又有领土,只有游牧民或只有疆域。我们展示了如何找到进化稳定的巡逻策略以及领地和游牧民族的人口构成,并考虑了一些展示关键情况的示例。我们看到时间限制和人口密度压力对于影响行为都是至关重要的。尤其是,我们发现在具有地区性个体和游牧民族的情况下,混合的,纯的或两种纯巡逻策略在进化上都是稳定的。在不同条件下,可能没有游牧民或领地,实际上对于大量参数组合,该种群可能表现出三态稳定性,具有三个独特的生态稳定的种群组成:既有游牧民又有领土,只有游牧民或只有领土。
更新日期:2020-04-23
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