Strategies to improve the onset of protective immunity induced by vaccination against respiratory pathogens may have a significant impact on health of newly received beef calves. The objective was to determine if the use of injectable trace minerals (ITM; Se, Zn, Cu, and Mn) concurrent with a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine enhances the immune response and onset of protection in beef calves challenged with BVDV2 five days after vaccination. Forty-five calves were randomly assigned to one of three groups (15/group): VAC + ITM, received MLV-vaccine and ITM (Multimin®90) subcutaneously (SC); VAC + SAL, received the same vaccine and saline SC; or UNVAC, unvaccinated. Five days after vaccination (d.0), calves were challenged with BVDV2 strain 890. Health status was evaluated and blood samples were collected for leukocyte counts, BVDV1 and 2 serum neutralizing antibodies (SNA), BVDV-PCR, and percentage of CD4+, CD8+, WC1+ and CD25+ T-cells. VAC + ITM had lower health scores than UNVAC (d.8 and 9). VAC + ITM had higher BVDV1 & 2 SNA titers than VAC + SAL and UNVAC on d.21 and 28. Lymphocyte counts decreased in UNVAC but not in VAC + ITM or VAC + SAL (d.3 to 11). CD4+ T-cells significantly decreased in UNVAC and VAC + SAL (d.3). VAC + ITM had higher percentage of CD4+ T-cells than UNVAC (d.3 and 7). VAC + ITM had lower percentage of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells than UNVAC (d.7). In summary, vaccination induced a rapid protection against BVDV2 infection. Administration of ITM was associated with increased SNA response to BVDV1 & 2, enhanced health status, mitigation of CD4+ T-cells decrease, and reduction of T-cell activation in calves challenged with BVDV2 five days after immunization. These results support the strategic use of ITM concurrent with vaccination, especially when a rapid protection is needed in newly received beef calves.

中文翻译：

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在新收到的牛犊中，通过活疫苗的改良活疫苗接种同时注射微量矿物质，诱导了牛的腹泻病毒2感染的免疫反应和保护作用。

改善针对呼吸道病原体的疫苗接种诱导的保护性免疫发作的策略可能对新接收的牛犊的健康产生重大影响。目的是确定将可注射微量矿物质（ITM，Se，Zn，Cu和Mn）与改良活病毒（MLV）疫苗同时使用是否能增强BVDV2攻击的牛犊的免疫应答和保护作用5接种后几天。将四十五只犊牛随机分为三组（每组15只）：VAC + ITM，皮下注射（SC）接受MLV疫苗和ITM（90）。VAC + SAL，接受相同的疫苗和生理盐水；或未接种疫苗的UNVAC。接种疫苗后第5天（d.0），用BVDV2 890株对小牛进行攻击。评估其健康状况，并收集血液样本中的白细胞计数，BVDV1和2血清中和抗体（SNA），BVDV-PCR以及CD4 +，CD8 +，WC1 +和CD25 + T细胞的百分比。VAC + ITM的健康评分低于UNVAC（d.8和9）。在d.21和28时，VAC + ITM的BVDV1和2 SNA滴度高于VAC + SAL和UNVAC。UNVAC中的淋巴细胞计数下降，而VAC + ITM或VAC + SAL中的淋巴细胞计数却没有下降（d.3至11）。在UNVAC和VAC + SAL中，CD4 + T细胞显着减少（d.3）。VAC + ITM的CD4 + T细胞百分比高于UNVAC（d.3和7）。VAC + ITM的活化CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞百分比低于UNVAC（d.7）。总而言之，疫苗接种可快速预防BVDV2感染。服用ITM与SNA对BVDV1和2的反应增加有关，健康状况增强，CD4 + T细胞的缓解减少，免疫五天后，用BVDV2攻击的小牛的T细胞活化和减少。这些结果支持ITM与疫苗接种同时使用的策略性使用，特别是当新收到的牛犊需要快速保护时。