Objective

To compare the propofol infusion rate and cardiopulmonary effects during total intravenous anesthesia with propofol alone and propofol combined with methadone, fentanyl or nalbuphine in domestic chickens undergoing ulna osteotomy.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, experiment trial.

Animals

A total of 59 healthy Hissex Brown chickens weighing 1.5 ± 0.2 kg.

Methods

Anesthesia was induced with propofol (9 mg kg^–1) administered intravenously (IV) and maintained with propofol (1.2 mg kg^–1 minute^–1) for 30 minutes. Birds were intubated and supplemented with 100% oxygen through a nonrebreathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation. Thereafter, each animal was randomly assigned to one of four groups: group P, no treatment; group PM, methadone (6 mg kg^–1) intramuscularly (IM); group PN, nalbuphine IM (12.5 mg kg^–1); and group PF, fentanyl IV (30 μg kg^–1 loading dose, 30 μg kg^–1 hour^–1 constant rate infusion). During the osteotomy surgery, the propofol infusion rate was adjusted to avoid movement of birds and provide adequate anesthesia. Pulse rate, invasive blood pressure, respiratory frequency, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pe′CO₂) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were recorded.

Results

Data were available from 58 chickens. The mean ± standard deviation propofol infusion rate (mg kg^–1 minute^–1) for the duration of anesthesia was: group P, 0.81 ± 0.15; group PM, 0.66 ± 0.11; group PN, 0.60 ± 0.14; and group PF, 0.80 ± 0.07. Significant differences were P versus PM (p = 0.042), P versus PN (p = 0.002) and PF versus PN (p = 0.004). Pulse rate, blood pressure and SpO₂ remained acceptable for anesthetized birds with minor differences among groups. Values of Pe′CO₂ >60 mmHg (8 kPa) were observed in all groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Methadone and nalbuphine, but not fentanyl, decreased the propofol infusion rate required for anesthesia maintenance, but resulted in no obvious benefit in physiological variables.

中文翻译：

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单独或与美沙酮，纳布啡或芬太尼合用异丙酚的家鸡（家鸡）全静脉麻醉用于尺骨截骨术。

目的

为了比较在进行尺骨截骨术的家禽中，单独使用异丙酚和丙泊酚联合美沙酮，芬太尼或纳布啡进行全静脉麻醉时丙泊酚的输注速率和心肺功能。

学习规划

前瞻性随机试验。

动物

共有59头健康的Hissex Brown鸡，重1.5±0.2公斤。

方法

静脉注射（IV）的异丙酚（9 mg kg ^–1）诱导麻醉，并以异丙酚（1.2 mg kg ^–1分钟^–1）维持30分钟。在自然通风条件下，通过无呼吸回路向家禽插管并补充100％的氧气。此后，将每只动物随机分为四组之一：P组，不治疗；PM组，肌内注射（IM）美沙酮（6 mg kg ^–1）；PN组，纳布啡IM（12.5 mg kg ^–1）；PF组，芬太尼IV（30μgkg ^–1负荷剂量，30μgkg ^–1小时^–1恒速输液）。在截骨手术过程中，调整了异丙酚的输注速率，以避免鸟类移动并提供足够的麻醉。脉搏率，创血压，呼吸频率，呼气末二氧化碳分压（P E' CO ₂）和血红蛋白氧饱和度（SPO ₂）的记录。

结果

数据来自58只鸡。麻醉期间丙泊酚输注速率的平均值±标准偏差（mg kg ^–1分钟^–1）为：P组，0.81±0.15；PM组，0.66±0.11; PN组，0.60±0.14; PF组为0.80±0.07。P与PM（p  = 0.042），P与PN（p  = 0.002）和PF与PN（p  = 0.004）有显着差异。麻醉后的鸟类的脉搏率，血压和SpO ₂仍然可以接受，各组之间的差异很小。P的值E' CO ₂在所有组中观察到> 60毫米汞柱（8千帕）。

结论与临床意义

美沙酮和纳布啡而非芬太尼降低了维持麻醉所需的丙泊酚输注速率，但并未在生理变量上带来明显益处。