Objective

To evaluate the clinical and physiologic effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of medetomidine with and without tramadol in dogs.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

A group of eight mixed breed dogs of both sexes, aged 1–2 years, weighing 16.0 ± 0.6 kg.

Methods

Each dog was studied twice at ≥1 week interval. Medetomidine (5 μg kg^–1; treatment M) was administered IM alone or with tramadol (4 mg kg^–1; treatment MT). Sedation was scored by a system that included vocalization, posture, appearance, interactive behaviors, resistance to restraint and response to noise. Times from drug administration to ataxia, impaired walking, head drop, sternal and lateral position and standing were recorded. Sedation score, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe′CO₂), hemoglobin oxygen saturation and mean noninvasive blood pressure were recorded and compared 15 minutes before and 15, 30 and 45 minutes after drug administration.

Results

Dogs administered MT had higher sedation scores than dogs administered M at 30 and 45 minutes after drug administration (p < 0.05). Times to ataxia, impaired walking, head drop and sternal recumbency were not different between the treatments. Time to lateral recumbency was longer in M than in MT (21.1 ± 1.0 versus 17.6 ± 0.7 minutes, respectively; p < 0.05). Time to standing was longer in MT than in M (67.9 ± 1.4 versus 54.5 ± 1.9 minutes, respectively; p < 0.001). Measured physiological variables did not differ between the treatments, with the exception of Pe′CO₂, which was higher in MT than in M at all post-treatment evaluation times (p < 0.001).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Tramadol combined with medetomidine resulted in greater sedation scores (deeper sedation) than medetomidine alone in dogs, and minimal adverse changes in the physiologic variables were measured.

中文翻译：

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肌肉注射美托咪定或美托咪定曲马多对狗的镇静作用和某些心肺作用的比较。

目的

评估美托咪定在犬中是否使用美托咪定的肌肉内（IM）给药的临床和生理效果。

学习规划

前瞻性实验研究。

动物

一组八只雄性混合犬，年龄为1-2岁，体重为16.0±0.6千克。

方法

每只狗以≥1周的间隔进行两次研究。美托咪定（5μgkg ^-1；治疗M）单独或与曲马多（4 mg kg ^-1；治疗MT）联合应用。镇静由包括发声，姿势，外表，互动行为，抵抗约束力和对噪音反应的系统评分。记录从给药到共济失调，行走障碍，头部跌落，胸骨和侧卧姿势以及站立的时间。镇静评分，心脏速率，呼吸速率，直肠温度，呼气末二氧化碳（P ë 'CO ₂），血红蛋白氧饱和度和平均无创血压被记录并比较前15分钟和15，30和药物给药45分钟后。

结果

给药后30和45分钟，MT的狗比M的狗具有更高的镇静分数（p <0.05）。共济失调，行走障碍，头部下降和胸骨卧位的时间在两种治疗方法之间没有差异。M组的侧卧时间比MT组长（分别为21.1±1.0和17.6±0.7分钟；p <0.05）。MT的站立时间比M的站立时间长（分别为67.9±1.4和54.5±1.9分钟；p <0.001）。测量的生理变量没有处理之间不同，其中P的异常Ê 'CO ₂，这是在MT中比在M-更高在所有后处理的评估时间（p <0.001）。

结论与临床意义

曲马多与美托咪定合用比单独使用美托咪定在犬中产生更高的镇静分数（更深的镇静作用），并且在生理变量方面测得的不良变化极小。