Objective

To determine the effect of intravenous vatinoxan administration on bradycardia, hypertension and level of anaesthesia induced by medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam in red deer (Cervus elaphus).

Study design and animals

A total of 10 healthy red deer were included in a randomised, controlled, experimental, crossover study.

Methods

Deer were administered a combination of 0.1 mg kg^–1 medetomidine hydrochloride and 2.5 mg kg^–1 tiletamine–zolazepam intramuscularly, followed by 0.1 mg kg^–1 vatinoxan hydrochloride or equivalent volume of saline intravenously (IV) 35 minutes after anaesthetic induction. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiration rate (f_R), end-tidal CO₂ (Pe′CO₂), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂), rectal temperature (RT) and level of anaesthesia were assessed before saline/vatinoxan administration (baseline) and at intervals for 25 minutes thereafter. Differences within treatments (change from baseline) and between treatments were analysed with linear mixed effect models (p < 0.05).

Results

Maximal (81 ± 10 beats minute^–1) HR occurred 90 seconds after vatinoxan injection and remained significantly above baseline (42 ± 4 beats minute^–1) for 15 minutes. MAP significantly decreased from baseline (122 ± 10 mmHg) to a minimum MAP of 83 ± 6 mmHg 60 seconds after vatinoxan and remained below baseline until end of anaesthesia. HR remained unchanged from baseline (43 ± 5 beats minute^–1) with the saline treatment, whereas MAP decreased significantly (112 ± 16 mmHg) from baseline after 20 minutes. Pe′CO₂, f_R and SpO₂ showed no significant differences between treatments, whereas RT decreased significantly 25 minutes after vatinoxan. Level of anaesthesia was not significantly influenced by vatinoxan.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Vatinoxan reversed hypertension and bradycardia induced by medetomidine without causing hypotension or affecting the level of anaesthesia in red deer. However, the effect on HR subsided 15 minutes after vatinoxan IV administration. Vatinoxan has the potential to reduce anaesthetic side effects in non-domestic ruminants immobilised with medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam.

中文翻译：

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静脉注射vatinoxan（MK-467）在美托咪定-维他命-左唑西am麻醉的马鹿（Cervus elaphus）中的心血管作用。

目的

为了确定静脉内服用vatinoxan对心律失常，美托咪定–利他明–唑来西p引起的心动过缓，高血压和麻醉水平的影响（鹿）。

研究设计和动物

随机，对照，实验，交叉研究总共包括10只健康马鹿。

方法

鹿施用0.1毫克千克的组合^-1美托咪定盐酸盐和2.5mg千克^-1替来他明-唑拉西泮肌内，随后用0.1毫克千克^-1 vatinoxan盐酸盐或静脉内（IV）麻醉诱导35分钟后的盐水等效容积。心脏速率（HR），平均动脉血压（MAP），呼吸率（˚F _{- [R} ），呼气末CO ₂（P ë 'CO ₂），动脉血氧饱和度（SPO ₂），在给予生理盐水/ Vatinoxan（基线）之前和之后间隔25分钟评估直肠温度（RT）和麻醉水平。使用线性混合效应模型分析治疗之间（与基线相比的变化）以及治疗之间的差异（p <0.05）。

结果

伐他沙星注射后90秒出现最大（81±10拍分^–1）HR，并在15分钟内仍显着高于基线（42±4拍分^–1）。缬沙坦后60秒，MAP从基线（122±10 mmHg）显着降低至最低MAP 83±6 mmHg，并一直低于基线直至麻醉结束。盐水治疗后，HR与基线相比（43±5次搏动– ¹）保持不变，而MAP在20分钟后较基线显着降低（112±16 mmHg）。P ë 'CO ₂，˚F _ř和血氧饱和度₂Vatinoxan治疗后25分钟，治疗之间无显着差异，而RT显着下降。维生素A水平对麻醉水平没有显着影响。

结论与临床意义

Vatinoxan可逆转美托咪定引起的高血压和心动过缓，而不会引起低血压或影响马鹿的麻醉水平。但是，在静脉内注射vatinoxan 15分钟后，对HR的影响减弱。Vatinoxan有潜力减少固定有美托咪定-替他敏-唑来西am的非家养反刍动物的麻醉副作用。