Cranes on offshore vessels are subjected to crane dynamics, structural couplings to the vessel, and environmental influence by waves and currents. The recent trend has been to use larger cranes on smaller vessels, which makes the lifting operation more complex and potentially dangerous. The use of digital twins (DTs) is emerging as one way to enable safer operations, real‐time simulation, and maintenance prediction. On offshore vessels, a DT can monitor the lifting operation to create a safer work environment. The SPADE (stakeholders, problem formulation, alternatives, decision making, and evaluation) model has been used as a framework toward the creation of a DT of cranes on offshore vessels. Several cases involving simulation of cranes revealed the lack of an adequate simulation of cable and pulleys suitable for use in a DT. The simulation is important for accurate results and for implementation in control systems. A trade study was performed to determine a numerical method adequate for cable and pulley simulation. The trade study identified the absolute nodal coordinate formulation in the framework of arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian as a promising numerical formulation.

中文翻译：

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贸易研究为海上船舶起重机的电缆和滑轮模拟选择最佳选择

海上船舶上的起重机会受到起重机动力，与船舶的结构连接以及波浪和水流对环境的影响。最近的趋势是在较小的船只上使用较大的起重机，这使起吊操作更加复杂，并可能造成危险。数字孪生（DT）的使用正在成为一种使操作更安全，实时仿真和进行维护预测的方法。在海上船舶上，DT可以监控起重操作，以创建更安全的工作环境。SPADE（利益相关者，问题制定，替代方案，决策和评估）模型已用作在海上船舶上创建起重机DT的框架。涉及起重机模拟的几个案例表明，没有对适用于DT的电缆和滑轮进行充分的模拟。仿真对于获得准确的结果以及在控制系统中实施非常重要。进行了一项贸易研究，以确定适用于电缆和滑轮模拟的数值方法。贸易研究确定了在任意拉格朗日-欧拉框架下的绝对节点坐标公式是有希望的数值公式。