Design of high‐frequency structures, including microwave and antenna components, heavily relies on full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Their reliability comes at a price of a considerable computational cost. This may lead to practical issues whenever numerous EM analyses are to be executed, e.g., in the case of parametric optimization. The difficulties entailed by massive simulations may be mitigated by the use of fast surrogates, among which data‐driven models are the most popular ones due to their versatility and accessibility. Unfortunately, conventional modeling techniques are significantly affected by the curse of dimensionality. It is particularly restrictive in the case of high‐frequency components, typically exhibiting highly nonlinear characteristics. Recently, the concept of performance‐driven modeling has been proposed where the surrogate model setup is focused on a small subset of the parameter space, containing the designs that are optimal or nearly optimal with respect to the considered performance figures. Domain confinement allows for a dramatic reduction of the number of training data samples needed for rendering reliable surrogates valid over wide ranges of the system parameters. In this paper, we review some of the recent techniques employing these concepts, discuss their properties, and illustrate them using real‐world examples of antenna and microwave components.

中文翻译：

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高频结构的性能驱动替代模型的最新进展

包括微波和天线组件在内的高频结构的设计在很大程度上依赖于全波电磁（EM）仿真模型。它们的可靠性是以相当大的计算成本为代价的。每当要执行大量EM分析时，例如在参数优化的情况下，这可能会导致实际问题。快速代理可以减轻大规模仿真带来的困难，其中由于数据驱动模型的通用性和可访问性，它们是最受欢迎的模型。不幸的是，传统的建模技术受到维度诅咒的极大影响。对于通常表现出高度非线性特性的高频组件，它尤其受限制。最近，已经提出了性能驱动建模的概念，其中替代模型设置集中于参数空间的一小部分，其中包含相对于所考虑的性能指标而言最佳或接近最佳的设计。域限制允许显着减少在系统参数的较大范围内呈现有效替代结果所需的训练数据样本的数量。在本文中，我们将回顾一些采用这些概念的最新技术，讨论它们的特性，并使用天线和微波组件的实际示例进行说明。域限制允许显着减少在系统参数的较大范围内呈现有效替代结果所需的训练数据样本的数量。在本文中，我们将回顾一些采用这些概念的最新技术，讨论它们的特性，并使用天线和微波组件的实际示例进行说明。域限制允许显着减少在系统参数的较大范围内呈现有效替代结果所需的训练数据样本的数量。在本文中，我们将回顾一些采用这些概念的最新技术，讨论它们的特性，并使用天线和微波组件的实际示例进行说明。