In this study, we evaluated the fermentation quality, digestibility and rumen fermentation of total mixed ration silage (TMRS) prepared with varying proportions of apple pomace, using four wethers in a 4 × 4 Latin square study design. A control diet was prepared using corn, wheat bran, timothy hay, alfalfa hay and a vitamin–mineral supplement. In the experimental treatments, apple pomace supplemented with soybean meal was used to replace corn and wheat bran at levels of 5%, 10% and 20% on a dry matter (DM) basis; treatment levels are indicated by these replacement levels. The moisture content of all diets was adjusted to 550 g/kg and the diets were then ensiled for 60 days. All diets were well fermented, with low pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) content. In treatments including apple pomace, lactic acid content decreased as acetic acid increased compared with the control (p < .05). Ethanol was generated in the 5%, 10% and 20% treatments. Following the addition of apple pomace, ammonia N content increased, and was highest in the 5% treatment (p < .05). N retention and digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract decreased significantly (p < .05) in the 10% and 20% treatments. The rumen molar proportion of acetic acid increased, but those of propionic acid and ammonia N content decreased as the proportion of apple pomace in the diets increased (p < .05). The results of this study suggest that the proportion of apple pomace in TMRS should not exceed that of the 5% TMRS treatment, which was 44 g/kg of diet DM.

中文翻译：

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苹果渣替代商业原料对全日粮青贮饲料发酵质量及其消化率，氮平衡和瘤胃发酵的影响

在这项研究中，我们在4×4的拉丁方研究设计中，使用四个纬纱评估了用不同比例的苹果渣制成的总混合日粮青贮饲料（TMRS）的发酵质量，消化率和瘤胃发酵。使用玉米，麦麸，蒂莫西干草，苜蓿干草和维生素矿物质补充剂制成对照饮食。在实验处理中，以苹果渣加豆粕代替玉米和小麦麸皮的含量以干物质（DM）计分别为5％，10％和20％。这些替换水平指示治疗水平。将所有饮食的水分含量调整至550 g / kg，然后将这些饮食青贮60天。所有饮食均发酵良好，pH和氨氮（N）含量低。在包括苹果渣在内的治疗中，p  <.05）。在5％，10％和20％的处理中生成乙醇。添加苹果渣后，氨氮含量增加，在5％处理中最高（p  <.05）。在10％和20％处理中，DM，有机物，粗蛋白和乙醚提取物的氮保留和消化率显着降低（p  <.05）。日粮中瘤胃中乙酸的瘤胃摩尔比例增加，但随着日粮中苹果渣的比例增加，丙酸和氨氮含量降低（p  <.05）。这项研究的结果表明，TMRS中苹果渣的比例不应超过5％TMRS处理中的比例，即日粮DM为44 g / kg。