The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus inoculation on the fermentation quality and the dynamics of microbial communities during ensiling and aerobic exposure in total mixed ration (TMR) silage. The TMR were prepared using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), maize meal, soybean curd residue, soybean meal, calcium carbonate, vitamin‐mineral supplement and salt (60.0:21.4:15.0:2.0:1.0:0.5:0.1, dry matter basis) with or without P. pentosaceus inoculation (10⁵ cfu/g fresh matter) followed by 14 or 28 days of ensiling and exposed to air. Microbial communities were detected by high‐throughput sequencing. After ensiling, P. pentosaceus inoculation benefited silage fermentation as indicated by increased lactic acid content and decreased pH, whereas had no effect on aerobic stability. Taxonomic bacterial community was dominated by Lactobacillales after ensiling, with a notable increase in spoilage microorganisms as a result of aerobic exposure. Aerobically exposed TMR was characterized by an increase of operational taxonomic units belonging to the Hypocreales and with yeast genus Cryptococcus, whereas Monascus was the major mold genus in the aerobically exposed silages. Candida was detected with higher relative abundance only in 28 days aerobically exposed sample inoculated with P. pentosaceus. P. pentosaceus inoculation has good effects on improving the fermentation quality and shows a potential to inhibit the proliferation of Monascus at 28 days of ensiling.

中文翻译：

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戊糖小球菌对含苜蓿总混饲料青贮饲料在定殖和好氧腐败过程中发酵，好氧稳定性和微生物群落的影响

这项研究的目的是评估在总混合日粮（TMR）青贮饲料中，接种戊二球菌对青贮和有氧暴露过程中发酵质量和微生物群落动态的影响。使用苜蓿，苜蓿粉，豆腐渣，豆粕，碳酸钙，维生素矿物质补充剂和盐（60.0：21.4：15.0：2.0：1.0：0.5：0.1，以干物质为基础）制备TMR ）接种或不接种戊糖假单胞菌（10 ⁵  cfu / g新鲜物质），然后进行14或28天的青贮，并暴露于空气中。通过高通量测序检测微生物群落。包好后，戊糖假单胞菌乳酸含量的增加和pH值的降低表明接种接种有利于青贮饲料发酵，而对好氧稳定性没有影响。筑巢后，分类细菌群落以乳杆菌为主导，由于有氧暴露，腐败微生物显着增加。有氧暴露的TMR的特征是属于下cre部和酵母隐球菌的操作分类单位增加，而红曲菌是有氧暴露的青贮饲料中的主要霉菌属。仅在接种了戊虾假单胞菌的有氧暴露样品中28天才检测到相对丰度较高的念珠菌。接种戊糖假单胞菌对改善发酵质量具有良好的效果，并显示了在青贮28天后抑制红曲霉增殖的潜力。