Infection and inflammation of the udder (mastitis) is a common condition affecting all domestic mammals, but it appears to be less prevalent in mares than in dairy cows and dairy goats. The seemingly reduced incidence of mastitis in mares can be partially explained by the smaller size and relatively concealed location of the mare’s udder, coupled with a smaller storage capacity than cows and goats. Mastitis can affect lactating, peripartum, dry mares, mares at dry‐off or prepubertal foals. Common clinical signs include swollen mammary tissue, abnormal mammary gland secretion, fever and anorexia; less common signs are hindlimb lameness and a swollen mammary vein. On rare occasions, mastitis pathogens can severely affect the nursing foal and mares may develop fibrotic tissue and consequent agalactia in the side(s) or quarter(s) affected. Based on the clinical presentation, mastitis can be classified as acute or chronic, and clinical or subclinical. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs aided with aerobic culture and cytological evaluation of the gland secretion. In addition, these ancillary tests can also be used to assess prognosis and duration of treatment. Mares suffering from mastitis may present neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Treatment for mastitis includes antimicrobial therapy (systemic and/or locally), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, frequent milking and cold hosing with/without hot‐packing applied on the gland. While the frequent monitoring of mares after weaning and reducing food intake should be part of common practices at weaning, cleaning of the udder, control of insect populations and frequent milking of mares with a foal unable to nurse can also aid in preventing mastitis.

中文翻译：

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母马乳腺炎的诊断和治疗

乳房的感染和炎症（乳腺炎）是影响所有家养哺乳动物的常见疾病，但在母马中的流行程度似乎不如奶牛和山羊。母乳中乳腺炎的发病率似乎降低了，部分原因是母乳的乳房更小，相对隐蔽，以及比母牛和山羊更小的储藏能力。乳腺炎会影响泌乳，围产期，母马干燥，干母马或青春期前的驹。常见的临床体征包括乳腺组织肿胀，乳腺分泌异常，发烧和厌食。较少见的体征是后肢la行和乳腺静脉肿胀。在极少数情况下，乳腺炎病原体会严重影响哺乳驹，母马可能会在受影响的一侧或四分之一处形成纤维化组织，从而导致无乳症。根据临床表现，乳腺炎可分为急性或慢性以及临床或亚临床。诊断基于有氧培养和腺体分泌细胞学评估的临床体征。此外，这些辅助检查也可用于评估预后和治疗持续时间。患有乳腺炎的母马可能会出现中性粒细胞增多和高纤维蛋白原性贫血。乳腺炎的治疗包括抗菌疗法（全身和/或局部），非甾体类抗炎药，在有/没有热敷的情况下频繁挤奶和冷冲洗。断奶后经常对母马进行监测并减少食物摄入量应该是断奶，清洁乳房的常规做法的一部分，