This study employed the Water Evaluation and Planning model to evaluate selected policy‐based water development and management options on water resources of the upper Mara Basin of Kenya. The major water resources of the region were identified and quantified to establish the current demand versus supply status. Data on domestic water consumption, agricultural demand and industrial consumption were collected through a rigorous fieldwork campaign and used to define the current state of water use and demand. The water resource model was calibrated and validated against observed discharges and subsequently used to simulate the selected policy‐based options. Results indicate that an increase between 49% and 180%, depending on the assumed scenario, in annual water demand is expected by the year 2030. As a conclusion, the simulations demonstrate that there is both the need and significant potential to reduce the demand by implementing water conservation measures.

中文翻译：

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开发和管理选择对肯尼亚上马拉河流域水资源的影响

这项研究采用了“水评估与计划”模型来评估肯尼亚马拉河上游水资源的基于政策的水资源开发和管理选择方案。确定并量化了该地区的主要水资源，以建立当前的需求与供应状况。通过严格的实地调查收集了有关家庭用水，农业需求和工业消耗的数据，并将其用于定义当前的用水和需求状态。对水资源模型进行了校准，并根据观测到的排放量进行了验证，随后将其用于模拟选定的基于政策的选择。结果表明，根据设想的情景，到2030年，预计每年的用水需求将增长49％至180％。