The toxic effects of an acetamiprid‐based insecticide (ABI) on Gambusia holbrooki were evaluated after 24 and 96‐h exposure periods. The 24 and 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values of ABI were determined as 75.9 and 42.2 mg/L active ingredient (AI)/L, respectively. In addition, the activity of five biochemical marker enzymes, including glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), carboxylesterase (CaE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured after 24 and 96‐h exposure to three different concentrations of the ABI to evaluate its sublethal effects. The acetamiprid concentrations in the exposure media were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that GST and LDH activities were increased and there were concentration‐dependent changes in the integrated biomarker response (IBR) indexes after 24‐h ABI exposure. However, the examined biomarkers were not useful for examining the effects of the ABI exposure for 96‐h exposure periods, even at the highest concentration.

中文翻译：

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评估基于乙ami虫的杀虫剂对非目标物种荷兰鞭毛虫的生化作用

在暴露24小时和96小时后，评估了对乙酰氨基苯甲酸为基础的杀虫剂（ABI）对霍尔布斯氏菌的毒性作用。24和96小时中位致死浓度（LC ₅₀）ABI值分别确定为75.9和42.2 mg / L活性成分（AI）/ L。此外，在24和96小时后分别测量了5种生化标记酶的活性，包括谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST），谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR），羧酸酯酶（CaE），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）。暴露于三种不同浓度的ABI以评估其亚致死作用。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测量暴露介质中的乙草胺浓度。我们的结果表明，在24小时ABI暴露后，GST和LDH活性增加，并且综合生物标记反应（IBR）指数存在浓度依赖性变化。然而，