Baiting is a fundamental strategy for the global management of wild pigs (Sus scrofa); however, little information exists on how anthropogenic bait affects wild pig movements on a landscape. We investigated factors that are important in determining the spatial area of attraction for wild pigs to bait (‘area of influence’ of a bait site) using data from Global Positioning System (GPS) collars and locations of bait sites. We monitored movements of wild pigs in 2 distinct study areas in the United States from February to September 2016 and used locational data using GPS collars to analyze the influence of habitat quality (dependent on site), home range size, number of bait sites in the home range, distance to a bait site, and sex in relation to movement in time and space. We determined the average area of influence by calculating the area of a circle with the radius as the average maximum distance travelled by wild pigs to reach a bait site. The average area of influence for our bait sites was 6.7 km² (or a radius of approximately 1.5 km), suggesting a bait spacing of approximately 1.5 km would be adequate to capture visitation by most wild pigs and a spacing of 3 km could allow substantial visitation while minimizing redundant effort depending on the spatial structure of the populations. Eighty percent of wild pigs first visited bait sites within 8.9 days after bait deployment; and they visited earlier when their home range size was larger. As the number of bait sites in an individual's home range increased, individual pigs visited more bait sites, and the probability of a visit increased dramatically up to approximately 5 bait sites and much less thereafter. Wild pigs travelled farther distances to visit bait sites in lower quality habitat. Our results support the hypothesis that habitat quality can mediate the efficacy of baiting programs for wildlife by influencing their movement patterns and motivation to use anthropogenic resources. Our results suggest wild pigs will travel extensively within their home range to visit bait sites, and that in lower quality habitat, most animals will find bait sites more quickly. Determining the area of influence of bait sites can increase the efficacy of planning and monitoring management programs. Our study provides new information to help managers plan baiting designs to attract the greatest number of pigs. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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影响诱饵位点造访的因素：诱饵的影响范围

诱饵是全球管理野猪的基本策略（Sus scrofa）; 但是，关于人为诱饵如何影响景观上野猪运动的信息很少。我们使用来自全球定位系统（GPS）项圈和诱饵位置的数据，调查了对确定野猪诱饵的空间区域（诱饵站点的“影响区域”）非常重要的因素。我们监测了2016年2月至2016年9月在美国2个不同研究区域中野猪的活动，并使用GPS项圈使用位置数据分析了栖息地质量（取决于地点），住所范围大小，饵料点数量的影响。家庭范围，到诱饵地点的距离以及与时空运动有关的性别。我们通过计算以半径为野猪到达诱饵部位的最大最大平均距离的圆的面积来确定平均影响区域。我们诱饵场的平均影响面积为6.7公里²（或半径约1.5 km），表明约1.5 km的诱饵间距足以捕获大多数野猪的探视，而3 km的间距可允许实质探视，同时根据种群的空间结构，将多余的精力减至最少。有80％的野猪在诱饵部署后8.9天内首次访问了诱饵站点；当他们的住所范围较大时，他们就更早去了。随着个人家庭范围内诱饵位点数量的增加，个体猪访问了更多的诱饵位点，并且探视的可能性显着增加，直到大约5个诱饵位点，此后的可能性大大降低。野猪走得更远，来到质量较低的栖息地的诱饵地点。我们的结果支持以下假设：栖息地质量可以通过影响野生动植物的活动方式和使用人为资源的动机来介导诱饵计划对野生动植物的有效性。我们的结果表明，野猪将在其家中范围内广泛游动，以访问诱饵地点，而在质量较低的栖息地中，大多数动物会更快地找到诱饵地点。确定诱饵场所的影响范围可以提高规划和监视管理程序的效率。我们的研究提供了新的信息，以帮助管理人员计划诱饵设计以吸引最多的猪。©2020野生动物协会。而且在质量较低的栖息地中，大多数动物会更快地找到诱饵。确定诱饵场所的影响范围可以提高规划和监视管理程序的效率。我们的研究提供了新的信息，以帮助管理人员计划诱饵设计以吸引最多的猪。©2020野生动物协会。而且在质量较低的栖息地中，大多数动物会更快地找到诱饵。确定诱饵场所的影响范围可以提高规划和监视管理程序的效率。我们的研究提供了新的信息，以帮助管理人员计划诱饵设计以吸引最多的猪。©2020野生动物协会。