In many developing world economies in recent years, the state has been seen to encourage neoliberal economic expansion policies. This has involved both large‐scale foreign corporations and sometimes large‐scale domestic corporations. Many studies have discussed the new landscapes of economic hardship and the impacts on small businesses. The aim of this paper is to argue that the impacts on small traders are in fact more complex and varied than usually appears in the literature. The research was conducted in the industrial city of Durgapur in the Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. First it is argued that the impact has been greatest on the ‘kirana’ owners, operating small convenience type stores with legalized trading arrangements and fixed premises. On the other hand, the street vendors (often unlicensed and having no fixed premises) seem not to be affected in terms of customer loss and indeed could be seen to be doing well against the backcloth of neoliberal expansion. In fact we argue that the growth in the number of street vendors provides as much of a threat to future livelihoods for traditional kirana owners as the growth of large corporations itself.

中文翻译：

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企业零售的兴起及其对小规模零售的影响：印度杜尔加普尔 Kirana 商店和非正式街头小贩的生存策略

近年来，在许多发展中世界经济体中，国家被视为鼓励新自由主义经济扩张政策。这既涉及大型外国公司，有时也涉及大型国内公司。许多研究讨论了经济困难的新局面及其对小企业的影响。本文的目的是论证对小交易者的影响实际上比文献中通常出现的更为复杂和多样。该研究是在印度西孟加拉邦巴达曼区的工业城市杜尔加普尔进行的。首先，有人认为，对“基拉纳”业主的影响最大，他们经营小型便利店，拥有合法的交易安排和固定场所。另一方面，街头小贩（通常没有执照，没有固定场所）在客户流失方面似乎没有受到影响，而且确实可以看出在新自由主义扩张的背景下做得很好。事实上，我们认为街头小贩数量的增长对传统基拉纳业主的未来生计构成的威胁与大公司本身的增长一样大。